Branden Smith and His First Year in the Parkland School...

The case study of the Branden Smith and his first year in the Parkland School District is a prime example of what can happen when there is a lack a control and guidance in the educational setting from an administrative perspective. Branden’s mentality is soon completely altered and jarred from optimism to pessimism within a matter of months after working in the Parkland district. He has formed a common mentality amongst many teachers that teach in an urban setting develop which I like to refer to as â€Å"Urban Fatigue†. Urban Fatigue is a mental, physical, and emotional state that you often find teachers in the urban school settings develop over time. This state seems to be far more progressive amongst teachers in the urban school setting than teachers in the suburban school settings. I attribute this fatigue to the fact that many teachers in the urban settings often are challenged with more disciplinary and behavioral issues, lack of parent support, lack of departmen tal and district funding, and overall structural issues within the learning environment and community. These factors attribute to the concept of â€Å"Urban Fatigue†. The case study of Branden Smith is an example of what can happen when the factors of â€Å"Urban Fatigue† set in due to a lack of school cultural, climate, and structural framework are not fully implemented by the administrative parties. Upon reading the case study it would lead to you believe that the problem lies with Mr. Smith and his fatigue and personal

The Welfare Agency - 760 Words

In regards to the welfare agency depicted in the case scenario there are four key stakeholders that are interested in the agency as a whole. All the stakeholders are the same in way that they all represent human services. Each one of these stakeholders focus is to improve these agencies. Stake holders require active involvement and participation from several people to provide effect human services. The first stakeholders being brought to attention is non-governmental organizations (NGOS). Non- governmental organization are private organizations that propose activates to relative suffering and promote the interest of the poor. NGOs offer a wide range of prevention care support and rehabilitation s project in HIV/AIDS related areas. Their main job includes lobbying and advocacy’s skills protected environment and provide basic care. In pertains to AIDS/HIV the international aids society is the world’s leading independent association of HIV professionals. Roughly abou t 14,000 members that provides services to more than 190countries. The NGOS groups services a social problem on a national scope. The second stakeholders to be mentioned is medical association and health care workers. This will include different medical professions bring awareness to HIV/Aids. They will also provide education on medications and treatments. HIV/AIDs is a global pandemic that created upreandetic challenges for physicians and health restructures. Efforts to tackle the disease constrainedShow MoreRelatedOutline Of The Welfare Agency1620 Words   |  7 PagesSolutions to the Welfare Commission ________________________________________ Objective Inform the Mayor about the Child Welfare Agency and propose solutions to the issues at hand. ________________________________________ As you know, the Agency has recently come under fire from the press because of a number of issues that have come to fruition within the Agency. 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Maltreatment of juveniles is also a concern in America. In 2014, an estimated 700,000 children were referred to child welfare agencies across the United States. This is a significant number and is concerning. According to Van der Put and de Ruiter 2016, multiple studies have been done on the link between juvenile abuse and neglect and delinquent behavior. However the findingsRead MoreThe Welfare Policy Regulates All Stages Of A Child s Contact With State Agencies1813 Words   |  8 Pagessocial welfare policies. It needs to be ensure that they really work so that they are not wasting money. Moreover, in 2004 in the United States about 3 million children were investigated because of alleged abuse or neglect. From that investigation 872, 000 children were confirmed victims of maltreatment; and an estimate 1,490 children died from abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). Child welfare policy regulates all stages of a child’s contact with state agencies, fromRead MoreThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children Children in the United Kingdom are key consumers of social policy. They consume a vast amount of the many services provided by this Country. Services such as health care through Doctors, hospitals and clinics, the education system which is largely devoted financially to the schooling of young people, and also the social security system which is stretched by children whose parents are in need of income Read MoreSocial Workers And Social Work950 Words   |  4 Pagessocial workers will assist in the social work profession. The child welfare system encompasses many services that are provided to children and families attempting to prevent the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. â€Å"The child welfare system is a group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families to care for their children successfully† (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2012). There are various social policies thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Safeguarding And Protection Of Children1357 Words   |  6 PagesThere are a number of different agencies which may be involved when working in the context of safeguarding and protection of children and it is vital that these agencies communicate and work in partnership. Each professional working with children has to respect the others’ areas of expertise and support others’ work as everybody is making a valuable contribution to the pupils’ development. To make sure that these professionals and agencies work together effectively in order to safeguard childrenRead MoreChild Welfare Services Is A Social Work1740 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude areas such as gerontological social work, military social work, and child welfare services which is the second largest area of social work and an area that many consider to be a highly rewarding yet a heart wrenching practice area. Child welfare services is a social work practice area that will service some of society’s most vulnerable and oppressed children and families. A child that is in need of child welfare services has most likely experienced a form of child abuse, neglect, or traumaRead MoreU.s. Federal Aid Programs788 Words   |  4 PagesAssistance program is contingent on determining eligibility for temporary assistance. Yet, due to the federal and state restrictions does not count such as ineligible noncitizens or suctioned individuals. It is a Florida law and requirement that state agencies offer detailed budget recommendations. The state of Florida has been limited to amount of spending to about $140 million of federal cash. For example, the federal cash would be reimbursed yearly towards the cost of foster care and residential group

Work and Travel U.S.a Free Essays

Governmental Department of Education, Youth and Sports. Lyceum Vasil Levschi Conference Selection: English language Theme: Work and Travel U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Work and Travel U.S.a or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. Made by: Vitcovschii Igor 11 Fudulaki Dmitrii 11 Research advisor : Chisinau-2012 Contain: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. What kind of program is it?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 a) Requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 c) Work Travel: Step by step†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 d) Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 e) Problems with the program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 3. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 4. Sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 5. Supplements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 1. Introduction. Our theme is â€Å"Work and Travel in the USA†. â€Å"Work and Travel USA† is a program of international cultural exchange which allows students from different countries of the world, to depart on summer vacations to the United States to work and travel. The primary purpose of the program is to acquaint foreign students with the culture and life of modern America and the distribution of other cultures among its inhabitants. We’ve chosen this theme, because we think it is very hot topic nowadays. A lot of people from different countries use this program to work and travel in foreign country – the USA. In our work we talk not only about the benefits and the limitations of this one, we will tell you about situations, which make people use this program, about people’s views who used this program. We think that it is very actual theme, because a lot of students who want to use this program don’t know a lot about it, and they don’t know where they can find information. Of cause they can find it through the internet, but not every topic from there is true. We will tell you about the relations which fold between students and citizens in an unfamiliar, alien environment for them, about how they learn to earn, about the challenges they face there, and the opportunities to be deceived by unscrupulous companies. 2. What kind of program is it? The founder of the program and its main supervisor is the  Department of State, which determines the number of students that have a right to take part each year. Companies that represent the program abroad, register students in the program, and help to provide information and get the necessary documents. Also, some agencies help program participants to plan their journey to their future place of  work, giving the possibility of purchasing international airline tickets on  students’  tariffs. a) Requirements. To participate in this program, students must meet the following requirements. Participants must be post-secondary school students who are actively pursuing a degree or a full-time course of study at an accredited educational institution in their country of residence may participate in the Summer Work program only during their summer vacation. Students may not participate in this program during time periods other than their summer vacations. Prospective exchange visitors must also possess sufficient proficiency in the English language to participate in their programs. b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program. There are a number of local agencies that work with American sponsors and recruit Summer Work and Travel Program participants. These agencies and American sponsors hold job fairs throughout Moldova during the winter and spring during which qualified participants can be interviewed by prospective employers. Local agencies can also help participants locate employment on their own. The final step involves an interview with a consular officer at the U. S. Embassy in Chisinau, which the local agency will help to arrange. The purpose of the interview is ensure that participants meet the requirements of the program and is eligible to receive visas. c) Work: Step by Step Prepare: Now what? You’ve been accepted to the Work Travel USA program; it’s time to prepare for a successful experience. In this section, we’ll talk about important documents and things you’ll need to do before leaving your home country. You’ll need to plan your transportation and housing, pack your luggage, and more! Important Documents You must have current and correct documents, or you might not be allowed to enter the U. S. Please make sure that you have all of the important documents explained below. Make at least two photocopies of each document, and leave one copy at home with a parent or friend. Do not pack any of these documents in your checked luggage – take all of them on the plane with you. Your luggage could be lost during your travel, and you may be required to return home if you do not have these documents with you. 1. DS-2019 Form: This form is issued by your legal sponsor, and is provided to you by your representative in your home country. You will need your DS-2019 Form for your J-1 Visa interview at the U. S. Embassy. When you receive your DS-2019 form, please check that your work dates are correct. If they are incorrect, notify your representative immediately and have them corrected. You will also need to present your DS-2019 form to the immigration officer upon entry to the U. S. 2. SEVIS Receipt: You will receive this official receipt along with your DS-2019 Form after your Work Travel application is successfully processed. You will need to take the SEVIS receipt with you to your embassy interview. 3. Passport and J-1 Visa: You need a valid passport and a valid J-1 Visa in order to enter the U. S. To get your J-1 Visa, you need to contact the U. S. Embassy in your home country and schedule an interview. It’s possible your representative will help you with this, so be sure to ask them. Your J-1 Visa will note whether it is a single entry or multiple entry visa. If you have an M in your J-1 visa this means you can 4. enter the U. S. multiple times. If you have an S in your J-1 Visa this means that you can only enter the U. S. ONLY one time. 5. I -94 Arrival Card: The I-94 is a critically important document! You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and it is required for the Social Security number application. You should ask the U. S. Customs official to staple your I-94 to your passport once you enter the country. If you lose your I-94 card before you applying for a Social Security number you will need to apply for a replacement I-94 card and this will cause significant time delays. During this time you may not be able to work and it’s very possible you will be required to return home early because of these problems. Please take care of your I-94 card! † 6. Customs Declaration Form 6059B: You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and must fill it out before going through Customs. 7. Insurance ID/Health Safety Pocket Guide: This guide contains important information about your travel insurance and serves as your insurance card. Write your DS-2019 number on your insurance card in the space titled ‘Member ID. ’ When you are in the U. S. eep this card with you at all times, since it will be required if you seek medical assistance. Your Health Safety guide also contains useful health and safety tips. 8. Employment Offer Agreement Form (EOAF): This document is your job agreement with your employer. It indicates the details of your job and the dates you have agreed to work. The immigration officer may ask you to present this form upon entry to the U. S. Before you depart for the U. S. There are some important things that you need to do before you depart for the U. S. If you have any questions as you prepare for the program, talk to your representative. If your plans or travel dates change, be sure to let your representative know, as you will not be able to make changes to your DS-2019 and/or program dates once you are in the U. S. Plan your Transportation and Housing Plan your transportation and temporary housing in the U. S. before departing. You should research transportation (buses, trains, and subway systems) from the airport to your job as well as temporary housing (hostels and affordable hotels or motels). Be sure to consider alternate options in case you need to change your plan along the way. Your employer can be a good resource for advice on transportation and housing. Bring Enough Money When you enter the U. S. , it is required that you show proof of funds (at least $800 if you have a job upon entering the U. S. or $1200 if you do not already have a confirmed job) to customs. Only cash, bank statements, and traveler’s checks are accepted as proof of funds. CIEE recommends that you bring more money if possible in case of unexpected problems. You want to make sure that you have extra money to cover all of your expenses before you receive your first paycheck. Contact your Employer Once your travel plans have been finalized, contact your employer in the U. S. Let them know when you will arrive, and make sure the dates on your DS-2019 Form match the dates your employer expects you to work. If any of your plans or travel dates change, be sure to contact your employer. It’s possible that your employer will be willing to meet you at the airport or bus station when you arrive. Share your flight details with them and work out a plan to get to the job. Also, confirm your employer’s phone number(s) in case there are any unexpected delays. Finally, your employer is an excellent resource for local information on housing. They might be able to share ideas on what to do and where to stay. Pack your Bags When preparing to depart for the U. S. , make sure to pack all of your important documents as well as a change of clothes and anything else you might need in your carry-on bag, in case your checked luggage is delayed. When packing your bags, note the following: 1. Always check with your airline before you travel about luggage restrictions. 2. Take an extra set of clothes in your carry-on luggage. 3. Make sure you pack your important documents in your carry-on luggage. Pack copies in your checked luggage. 4. All prescription drugs should be clearly marked and accompanied by a prescription from your doctor. 5. Do not bring articles made from protected species or perishable foods such as cheese, fruit, or nuts. 6. If you bring alcohol, you must be 21 or older. 7. If you carry more than $10,000 you must report this to a customs official. Arrive Welcome to the U. S.! Now what do you do? When you first enter the U. S. it is a good idea to contact your employer, during regular business hours, to let them know you have arrived and are traveling to your job. If your plane arrives late and you will not arrive as scheduled at your job, notify your employer of your new time. And don’t forget to call your parents or relatives back home so they know you have safely arrived in the U. S. Immigration and Customs When you enter the U. S. , it is important that you cooperate fully with the Customs Official and answer all of their questions clearly and respectfully. The Officer may ask you some general questions about your visit, program, and the place where you will stay. You should be prepared to present U. S. Customs Officials with all of your relevant travel documentation. They will ask you many questions related to the information you have provided on your I-94 Arrival Card and Customs Declaration Form (Form 6059B), as well as about the nature of your citizenship, your trip, and any unusual items you are bringing into the U. S. Expect to have your baggage opened for examination, and make sure that you have declared any non travel-related goods that you have with you. Collect Your Bags After passing through Immigration and Customs, follow signs to the baggage claim area. To find the correct carousel, check the display board for your flight number. If you waited a long time at Customs, your bags may have already passed through and been placed on the floor of the baggage area. If your luggage is lost or delayed, go to the airline desk at the airport and file a lost luggage report. If you know where you will be staying in the U. S. , give this address; if you don’t know where you will be staying, provide your employer’s address so your bags can be delivered there. Housing Do your best to find housing long before your arrival in the U. S. In many cases, your employer may have recommendations for short- or long-term housing near your workplace. If you are beginning the search on your own, use the resources below. Most importantly, don’t arrive in the U. S. without any pre-arranged housing. For the first few nights in the U. S. you may need short-term housing. Hostels, affordable motels, or universities and colleges are good options. It’s even better if you can travel and share expenses with other Work Travel USA students. Make reservations ahead of time to make sure you have a bed or room when you arrive. When planning your long term-housing, consider living with other Work Travel students – this is a great way to make new friends and save money. Also consider whether or not the housing is furnished, includes utilities, and whether it is close to work or is close to public transportation, as these can all affect your monthly costs. Rent, Sublet, or Share? When you start looking for a place to live, you will find apartments that are available to rent, sublet, or share. 1. Rent When you rent an apartment you sign a lease, or contract, with a landlord. Pay close attention to the lease agreement, as there may be penalties for breaking the contract. For example, if you lease an apartment for four months but decide to leave after two months, there may be a financial penalty in addition to your rent. 2. Sublet A sublet is an apartment or room rented by the owner or leaseholder to another person. Finding a sublet is a good option because it gives you flexibility similar to a month-to-month lease. 3. Share If you share an apartment you will pay a portion of the rent and common apartment expenses. This can be easier than looking for a place yourself. If you decide to share an apartment, make sure to meet your possible roommate to get a feel for the situation. Your first instinct is always your best, and you should not accept a situation that you don’t feel comfortable with. Eviction â€Å"Eviction† means being removed from your housing, and there are many reasons your landlord can do this, including: not paying rent on time, making too much noise, or damaging property. If you are evicted from your housing, you should get an eviction notice and be given a deadline to leave the housing. Do not let eviction happen to you! Be respectful of your living situation. This means paying the rent on time, taking care of your property, and following all of the rules in your lease or living agreement. If you have any concerns, talk to your landlord or the person responsible. Work Work Travel USA is an opportunity not only to explore the U. S. , but also to earn money, make new friends, practice English, and experience what it’s really like to be part of a new culture. But first, you need to find a job and understand how to get started. Check out this section to learn about everything from getting a job, to Social Security, to income taxes. I don’t have a job yet†¦ If you traveled to the U. S. without a job, you will need to find one as soon as possible. For suggestions and resources to help you find a job while in the United States, please visit the Find a Job section. The list of all work places is very big. You can find all kinds of jobs, and every can be very interesting and well-paid. As compared with salary in Moldova, in the U. S. jobs are paid much well then in Moldova, and that salary is enough for staying there for a long time. List of jobs is varied: Amusement pack worker; Barmen; Cashier; Casino host; Builder; Cook or cook assistant; Customer service; Dish washer; Maid; Janitor; Painter; Wood worker; Car painter or Body shop worker; Waiter; How we can see jobs are simple, but they are taking a lot of time and force. I want to find a second job! This is a great idea. Many Work Travel USA students get second jobs while they’re in the United States. There are some simple and important reminders that you should be aware of. Your primary job is your first responsibility. It is important that your second job does not interfere with your primary job. Make sure you let your manager know if you are looking for a second job. Salary Check with your employer to learn how often you will be paid. Most students get paid weekly or every other week. Typically you will receive a paycheck that you deposit into your bank account. Some employers may offer the option of direct deposit, which means that your salary will be deposited directly into your account. In either case, your employer will give you a salary statement, paystub, or pay slip, which will show the hours you worked and the amount you were paid. It will also contain information about the taxes and other deductions taken out of your paycheck. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might also have uniform, housing, union membership dues, or other work-related items deducted from your salary. After you receive your first paycheck, review it to ensure there are no errors. If you have questions about your paycheck, speak with your employer. Remember that you do not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes – if these were deducted in error, speak with your employer. Minimum Wage There is a minimum wage that employers in the U. S. are required to pay. Please note that the wage for some positions earning tips (for example waiter or waitress) may be less than the minimum wage. Overtime At times, there may be opportunities to work additional hours. As a new employee, it is a good idea to accept these overtime hours when possible. Many companies will pay you one-and-a-half times more than the normal wage rate for extra hours. Ask your employer for company overtime policies. Travel If you intend to travel at the end of your Work Travel USA program, you are free to explore the U. S. for the period of time indicated on your Confirmation of Insurance document. However, when you have approved time off from work during your DS-2019 dates, you are able to travel. Be sure to talk with your manager about the possibility of taking time off from work for travel. You should always ask for days off at least a week in advance. Depending on the agreement you signed with your representative, you may also have a Travel Period following your official work dates, during which your program insurance coverage remains in place. Your overall Program Dates are those stated on your Confirmation of Insurance Coverage document that you received with your DS-2019, and include both the work period and Travel Period. If you did not sign up for a Travel Period when applying for the program, it is not possible to add this once you are in the U. S. d) Goals. Why students are going to America? Every student has his own goal. Some of them want just to travel, some want to verify their language knowledge and to use it in, some want to buy there the newest gadgets, because they are cheaper in the U. S. Also, what these people want, whatever they just have fun, earn experience, find new friends†¦ But sponsors also have some goals too. They’ve written this one: The goals of the Work Travel program are to: 1. Facilitate peace, tolerance and understanding through international exchange, global adventure and intercultural interaction. 2. Provide an opportunity for young people from around the world to challenge themselves through learning to work, grow and live in another country and culture. 3. Enable young people an affordable option to participate in a quality summer work travel program. ) Problems with the program. For some one Work and Travel is a profit, for others-it’s a fear. There are a lot of firms-phantoms that take the money and do nothing. In advertisings is written that â€Å"You can travel all U. S. only for 200$†, in other –â€Å"only for 600$†. Is it true? Is it possible to earn more then you give and also make an adventure? No! One of the owners of Work and Travel said that maximum you need to pay 2300 or 2600 $. It is the bill for some of the verifications. That is some of the tariffs that you need to pay for the program: 1065 $-only to find a job in U. S. A. ,to issue a contract of employment, health insurance,  for a letter of recommendation  to  get a  social security number, ID card Intrax (such as  identity cards), form  DS27  19 (on the basis  of which  offer  a visa), payment  service,  charged by the  United States  from all  participants in the program; 100 $ –  for the services  of the company; 131  $-  for the visa, this amount is paid to  the Embassy;   about 700  $ –  the price  of a plane ticket. In total,  the student  must  pay about 2000 $  for  short-term employment contract  in America. Another problem-every 3-d student doesn’t return home in time of vise. In 2007 the  U. S. Embassy  issued  visa  for more than 5000  students  for the program â€Å"Summer Work and Travel†. Despite the fact  that one of the  conditions for participation  in the program is  to return  in Moldova on  September 17  , but about 20% of students who left  in summer  2007  in the U. S. ,  did not return  home, and  more than 40%  returned after  the deadline for  the return of  the lectures. Almost all  the rest  stayed  in the U. S. longer than  specified  in the visa  period. Ambassador  of Moldova  in the United States, Nicolae  Chirtoaca, said: â€Å"During the summer period  in the practice  of frequent  reception of the Embassy  included  notices  from prison,  reporting  on cases of  detention and arrest of our students  who come  for seasonal work. One of the reasons  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the excess  specified in the visa  period of stay  in the U. S. illegally, or  change of employment  not specified  in the contract. â€Å"There are  also cases where the  Moldovan  students  were detained  in the U. S. for petty theft  in large  stores. There are a lot of more scary problems! When you came in USA- you don’t know anybody, you don’t know where you are, how and what to do: you are alone in strange side. When you come in the USA your job offer can cast you, and then you are left there without money, food, house, you don’t know the city, you can lost there without anything, without hope. But there are big advantages! One of them that you quickly become independent, because there is no one who will do your work, you will depend only on you. You are living alone; you must do your work only by yourself. And at last you earn money, which you can spend for travelling or some things that you want. Another advantage is that you learn more about the US culture, life, habitats, and holydays. But there is a big unhappy aspect-you can use Work and Travel program only 2 times, and when you get visa second time, the workers of the firm warn you that it is your last time of using Work ant Travel program. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s difficult question that needs reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program. We know that there are a lot of people, who use WT program. I’ve spoken with one some and that is what he tells me: His telling about first operations at his place with his documents: Today has set the seals to summer session and at once has gone, has handed over the student’s record-book in Pegas. Like as tonight my documents should go already on DS-form reception. Somewhere in the middle of March means I will go to consulate†¦ It is as usual quiet as a boa. Still today has received one more JobOffer (yes-yes, here such in life not justice, at someone it isn’t present absolutely, and at someone it is some). From May, 4th till September, 4th the boss has sent such approximate accounting: MAY: $1650. 00 June: $2095. 00 July: $2285. 00 August: $2805. 00 September $375. 00 (this could be more if I were to extend your employment) Total: $9210. 00 The total amount looks anything so, quite. Especially considering that meal and habitation there the free†¦ Here now it was puzzled, it is necessary to count up, how many I will earn if I go simply in SF for example and I search there for work, I find, I live and take somewhere meal†¦ Nevertheless the variant with CA is pleasant to me more so it is necessary to weigh all PRO AND CONTRA†¦ Then he told me about the process in the embassy: On an input the passport you give, write down in magazine. You pass through the metal detector. You go on the 4th floor. There too you submit the passport, you pass through framework. You pass in a waiting room small with chairs further and there behind partitions two windows where consuls sit as in exchange cash desk for armor glasses. At the left the woman, on the right the man†¦ The man very long asks all and from its party constantly a laughter is audible†¦ The woman works quickly on the contrary. -Hello -Hello Please put your student’s book. What is your speciality? -Computer science in economy -Why do you want to go to the U. S. A? -I like travelling†¦. -Did you travel before? -Yes, I was in Britain last summer – For work there went? (The sense was that, asked again type Sorry? ) -I was on English courses and†¦.. -? -With student visa in Britain I can work only 20 hours, so I work 20 hours. â₠¬â€œ Put the left finger for scanning. Now the right. Thanks. As whom you will work in states? (Has besides asked again) -I will work on mobile concession unit†¦ food concession†¦ What concession? -Food†¦ selling food. – Type and what to sell that you will be? -Hot dogs, pop corn†¦ -Do you like hot dogs? -Yeeeeees! -Ok. Your visa approved. -Thank you. Bye. All dialogue has occupied on can minute-two†¦ Very quickly all†¦ When There is there that already on the automatic machine ask again Sorry? If It is hardly not clear In life the most important thing is sincerity – learn it to represent and the success is provided. Then he gave me some posts from his blog, which he was writing in the U. S. A: 1)Has once again understood, how badly I know English. Has come on mail and here has understood that I vaguely represent how to tell a phrase â€Å"I should receive a parcel (but hasn’t received)†. Certainly I could explain it and me have understood even from the first†¦ But probably impression I make the real guest worker (as in the Russian Federation different Asians). His opinion about disadvantages of WT if you want to practice your English: Gathered to America†¦ Thought (has been assured): what big city, I want in small American â€Å"village†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ And that there was no Russian for they and in the Russian Federation suffice me†¦ Thought I will speak only in an English, to work with Americans and so on†¦ Well also what? Than all it has ended? I live in almost million city which is considered most â€Å"European†, in Russian area, removing habitation at Russian-speaking, my neighbour about the room – Russian-speaking, my flat mates – Russian-speaking, on work at me ALL Russian-speaking†¦ And in addition I write in the blog in Russian and I go to read Russian news and forums†¦ And also his opinion about the USA and the UK: Here 3,5 months I in America (well hardly it is more). Exactly so much I have stayed in last year in Britain. Also that I have noticed†¦ Those 3,5 months in Britain I remember almost every day, all the summer long was one cool adventure. I remember as have arrived, as went to college as searched for work as went on it as we went to Oxford and Cambridge as somewhere went†¦ all that was then. Even work is there was an adventure part, a part of knowledge of Britain†¦ 3,5 months in America†¦ Well how to tell†¦ I remember the first 3 days after an arrival, and continuous gray everyday life all rest, routine†¦ There are some fascinating moments (which are remembered when you re-read this diary), but also those as though in a fog†¦ That is simply stupid working day after day and any adventures and romanticism. As-it it is not correct†¦ 4. Conclusion. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s a difficult question that needs a reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program. Work Travel USA program gives you a chance to be much more than a tourist! Experience life in the U. S. by working side-by-side with locals. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Dialogue with the friend who is in the USA. -Hello, Friend! -Hi! -How are you? I know hat you’re in the USA. Is it true? -Yes, I’m in the USA! -What are you doing there? How do you get there? -I’ve get here with help of the W program, and this program had helped me to find work. -Where are you working? -I’m working in a very beautiful restaurant And how is going? -It’s a hard job. Very hard. I went through humiliation, because I’m not from America. -It’s very sad. -First time it was very hard. I didn’t know this city, I didn’t know anyone. Every thing was foreign for me. But I found a good place to live. I found Russian speaking people. I found new friends. -And how are you now? -I’m fine. I have heavy but well paid job, I have new friends, I’ve learnt a lot of new things about the USA. -Wow! You’ve learnt so much thing being in the USA! How do you think should I try this program? I think that this will give you a good life experience, a new knowledge about this country and about people who live there! Try it! You may go to the one of offices of WT program and they will give you all the information you need. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Bye. 5. Sources. Sites: 1. moldova. usembassy. gov 2. migratie. md 3. en. wikipedia. org 4. myworkandtravel. com. ua 5. simplex. dp. ua 6. workandtravel. su 6. Supplements. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] How to cite Work and Travel U.S.a, Essay examples

Financial Institutions

Question: Discuss about the Financial Institutions. Answer: Introduction: Global Financial Crisis The global financial crisis began in earnest in year 2007 through to 2009, the crisis struck hard and fast. It was a situation when major economies of the world suffered a slump in their economies affecting many industries. Many of the economies were shrinking while others literally collapsed (Anheier et al., 2008). Australia and the United States were not left behind in this crisis. In fact, the global financial crisis genesis bagun in the latter before its effects spread and was felt throughout the rest of the world. It took quite some time for the federal reserves of both countries, the IMF and the World Bank to come with concrete micro and macro economic policy measures to avoid further turmoil of these economies. Political goodwill was also required to be shown during the crisis. The economic crisis was largely contributed by the slowdown and the decline of the housing market in the US. This was led by the bursting of the housing bubble that was the pillar of the American economy. The housing bubble burst meant that more and more people could not afford to service their housing mortgages and could not be able to buy or sell their houses (Auernheimer, 2003). Secondly, globalization led to rapid growth of economies due to the world economy becoming a village. Everything was digital and global. The economic slump or slowdown due to globalization led to multiplicity effect that due to global linkages that led to intermingling and intertwining of global financial systems and economic systems at international levels. The United States and Australia were not left behind although the latter wasnt severely affected. Additionally, other factors compounded the global financial crisis such as; the continued terror war waged by the United States where most of the resources were directed to fighting terror. Other allied nations like the United Kingdom, France and others joined in to help fight the war on terror. Industries collapsed, financial markets dwindled and financial institutions started to close shop (Berlatsky, 2010). An example is the bankruptcy filed by the Lehman Brothers a, a big financial institution in America. This effect trickled down to other economies of the world where the United States dollar acted as the exchange currency. There was deep liquidity crisis causing an effect on global economy and even on global food crisis. The economy and finance of the United States were involved in a consumer spending spree and never seen before. Business for them was borrow, borrow and borrow, and do not worry, because getting money was getting easier and the value of homes was growing. The problem is based on the global economic crisis is adversely affecting all economic levels, triggering a devastating sequel in the financial and productive sectors, this research focuses on how it impacts in Europe and how to prevent a stroke Similar for this phenomenon. Increasing the competitiveness of businesses coupled with reduced public spending, encouraging savings and regulation of financial institutions can reduce the negative effects of the global economic crisis (Butler, 2009). Chronological sequence of the main events of the global crisis Faced with the worrying economic situation, European leaders are nervous about unsustainable debt that could affect the global economy. We start from the base, what is a loan?, a loan is a transaction whereby a financial institution makes available a certain amount of money, through a contract. We acquire a loan obligation to return the borrowed money within a period of time and pay a commission and agreed interests. One of the main functions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide cheap and affordable financing to members affected by balance of payments problems, if the country cannot obtain finances in sufficient amounts and on terms affordable to meet its international net payments. This financial assistance enables them to rebuild their reserves, currencies stabilization, and continued payment of their imports to restore conditions for strong economic growth while taking the necessary steps to correct minor problems. However, it negated its functions leading to global financial crisis. As strength of this region have the macroeconomic framework and inflation expectations, the exchange rate flexibility and its economic and democratic institutions, improving the private financial framework, its geopolitical situation or raw materials. However, it has a poor business diversification and concentration on the export of raw materials, a limited level of savings and continues to have a significant deficit of social integration. Latin America should be aware that after a "satisfactory" step by the crisis, speaks highly of what has been done so far and should be prepared for "difficult" times, where fiscal monetary margins and are running out. The economy and finance of the United States were involved in a consumer spending spree and never seen before (Mishkin and Eakins, 2009).. Business for them was borrow, borrow and borrow, and do not worry, because getting money was getting easier and the value of homes was growing. When we read news about what happens in international financial markets, changes in monetary policy in the US or when we hear news about political conflicts in distant regions, even those dedicated to financial issues is sometimes difficult to understand the implications this has on our daily lives. The financial world has globalized, creating intricate communicating vessels that generate phenomena that ultimately affect the country and people. Now imagine the effect of multiple stones and understand why predict how a particular financial variable will behave is a fairly complex task. Just to mention one of these important effect on the financial dynamics of people have, consider that following the 2008 crisis and its aftermath has been worldwide search to revive the economies of the countries issues (Scott, 2009). Actions such as buying bonds in the US or economic policy of the Australian government are explained, among others, and these have resulted in the systematic reduction of interest rates, impacting brutal way the growth capacity savings of families. Simultaneously, alternative investment instruments in most countries were not in vision or preference of savers are average, as capital markets in the world stock markets still account for large sectors, particularly levels means of income, elements of complexity and uncertainty of short-term (not always fully understood), leading in many cases to not be displayed as viable options.The financial markets were negatively affected. Most of the stocks were plummeting leading to loss of values of the listed companies. The most affected financial markets were the United States financial markets like the NYSE and the DOWJONES. The ASX was also negatively affected although not as much as the United States financial markets. Many of the companies that did poorly were in the energy and financial segments in the stock exchanges (Scarpetta, 2003). Many of the financial markets in the world were adversely affected. The world economy was in crumbles due to weakened financial markets. The Australian government reacted ensuring macro and micro-economic principles changed the situations. The Australian financial markets were The behavior of inflation is another factor that also presents today elements of complexity for analysis. Paradoxically, it seems that high inflation are easier to understand for people in their impacts and consequences bounded inflations, as we have had in the last little more than 15 years. This is partly a result of the perception that always causes that families are faced prices that fit into higher inflation levels, but they are diluted in the weighting of calculating inflation that result is significantly lower. This occurs for example with high settings and obvious price such as tuition. In our perception, and in many cases in reality, own resources available to spend are commonly depleted Whose Responsibility is it? It is the responsibility largely on complex financial institutions with which we coexist today, create better mechanisms to streamline the household savings; but also individual responsibility to try to understand, above the complex, the issues that affect the economic future of our families. Financial institutions mainly consist of banks and cooperative Saccos. These institutions were mostly at the core of the crisis. An example is the Lehman brothers a bank in America that filed for bankruptcy due to liquidity issues. The inflationary risks also contributed to the banks collapsing (Scarpetta, 2003). Major Banks like the commonwealth bank of Australia and the National Australian Bank reduced their workforce while others just shut down some of their branch networks. The expansion strategy was greatly hindered due to the global financial crisis. Many banks were declaring losses while the investors were not getting any return on investments (ROI). When the crisis worsened and the Fed decided to buy the so-called "junk shares" possessed by the banks, some economists rejected that as saying that if the government provided capital to banks and financial institutions, should ask in return a share in the ownership of those related companies that do not benefit from it who are responsible for the crisis in these institutions (Venardos, 2010).Respected academics and financiers in Australia and the world, proclaiming that we had entered a period of continuous expansion, where the profitability of companies would ever higher, their stock prices would rise steadily and credit could grow indefinitely above production. The last desperate measure taken by the US Government :It is a bitter irony: the Government has decided to buy part of the shares of banks in major problems, becoming de facto partner and shareholder of these banks. This amounts in practice to nationalization of US banks in the very seat of capitalism and the free market. How did this happen? The crisis experienced between 2007 and 2009 had an extraordinary economic strain.This was based on an unusual combination of global financial boom, strong expansion of international trade, bonanza commodity prices and high levels of worker remittances. This boom was the most notorious in nearly four decades; more precisely, from which the region experienced in the late 60s and early 70s was the decade of widespread boom, and in fact most benefited the economies of small and medium that the two largest the region, Australian and united states. In stark contrast to the patterns that had occurred since the debt crisis (and sometimes before), its social effects were also very unfavorable. Unemployment and poverty increased drastically; employment grew dynamically and quality in goods and services reduced and the levels of inequality in many countries increased. The Economic Impacts The economic effects of the global crisis have been profound, but only have been recognized (and knowing) with a lag. Projections of all multilateral organizations (World Bank, ECLAC, International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Organization) forecast on a contraction of these economies based on the global financial crisis. There are several recommendations required to curb the global financial crisis, these are;Firstly, well-structured financial regulatory measures- these regulations control the economic and financial proponents. The treasury and the Federal Reserve banks of Australia and the United States have the best economic minds to affect the micro and macro-economic policies. This will make it hard for the global financial crisis to recur if the policies are well implemented. Secondly, profound changes are required in the Bretton Woods system, imposed since 1944 by the victorious powers in World War II, with the free market model that is hopelessly exhausted. The bodies are mandated to help the economies of the world in their quest for economic liberation. The crisis experienced between 2007 and 2009 had an extraordinary economic strain, based on an unusual combination of global financial boom, strong expansion of international trade, bonanza commodity prices and high levels of worker remittances. The economic policies should be implemented to spur economic activities. The Governments should decide to buy part of the shares of banks in major problems, becoming de facto partner and shareholder of these banks. This amounts in practice to nationalization of US and Australian banks in the very seat of capitalism and the free market. In conclusion,the global financial crisis caused a disruption in major economies of the world where Australia and the United states were not left behind. In December the liquidity crisis and interbank mistrust take steps to make major central banks in a coordinated manner in order to support the US dollar. After a strong decline in the stock market, as European stock markets wobbled again, the Fed cut by 0.5 points the interbank rate, while maintaining the federal type (ie, lowers the price of money to banks, but not individual consumers), which causes the comeback of all European and North American places (Taylor and Clarida, 2011). The president of the Federal Reserve says that "conditions in financial markets have deteriorated" In order to maintain economic growth and consumption, the US government remained for years the extraordinarily low interest rates, lowering the cost of money and encouraging excessive spending by households and businesses. Profound changes are required in t he Bretton Woods system, imposed since 1944 by the victorious powers in World War II, with the free market model that is hopelessly exhausted. References Anheier, H., Isar, Y., Paul, A. and Cunningham, S. (2008). The cultural economy. Los Angeles: SAGE. Auernheimer, L. (2003). International financial markets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Berlatsky, N. (2010). The global financial crisis. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press/Gale Cengage Learning. Brown, R. (2011). Higher education and the market. New York: Routledge. Butler, C. (2009). Accounting for financial instruments. Chichester, England: Wiley. Carey, M. and Stulz, R. (2006). The risks of financial institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ciro, T. (2012). The global financial crisis. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Dunning, J. (2000). Regions, globalization, and the knowledge-based economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fabozzi, F. (2002). The handbook of financial instruments. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Garside, W. (2007). Institutions and market economies. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Jansen, M. and UexkuÃÅ'ˆll, E. (2010). Trade and employment in the global crisis. Geneva: International Labour Office. Kettell, B. (2002). Economics for financial markets. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kohli, H. and Sharma, A. (2010). A resilient Asia amidst global financial crisis. New Delhi, India: SAGE. Mishkin, F. and Eakins, S. (2009). Financial markets and institutions. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Naas, B. and Lysne, J. (2010). Financial markets and the global recession. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Savona, P., Kirton, J. and Oldani, C. (2011). Global financial crisis. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Scarpetta, S. (2003). The sources of economic growth in OECD countries. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Scott, H. (2009). The global financial crisis. New York: Foundation Press. Taylor, M. and Clarida, R. (2011). The global financial crisis. London: Routledge. Venardos, A. (2010). Current issues in Islamic banking and finance. Singapore: World Scientific.

Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage free essay sample

First, a persuasive speech means to influence your listeners to change their way of thinking to yours through factual and logical information. A persuasive speech will get your listeners to re-evaluate their view on a topic and change their beliefs. A persuasive speech Is not to deliver complete information but to use information to make a convincing argument. An informative speech has the purpose to inform your listeners to a specific topic. An informative speech Is to teach and educate a person or group of people on a certain subject.You are not trying to change the opinion of someone lust giving new information. The differences between the two are persuasion Is to get another person to see you way and change their own view on the subject. An Informative speech Is to teach and educate another person about a specific topic, For an example, an Informative speech about cheerios would tell you how the product was made and where It comes from. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Where a persuasive speech about Cheerios would tell you why you should eat them Instead of say Rice Cripples.Persuasive speeches are use more by politicians, salesperson, and lawyers because heir role is to get you to think their way is the right way. An informative speech is for say teachers, professors, counselors, mentors because their roles are to teach and educate you on a subject not change your views.

Fammily Friendly for Whose Family essays

Fammily Friendly for Whose Family essays Do workers without children reap the same rewards as do their colleagues who are parents? Equal work for equal pay has long been the American mantra, but are parents more equal? The childfree say it is dangerous to promote one lifestyle and set of personal choices above others. Granting special privileges to those that reproduce creates unprivilege and subtle social pressure for those that don't. Parenting is a choice. With that choice comes responsibilities. In the last decade, as parents have struggled to balance responsibilities at home and at work, they have simultaneously raised the bar politically and in the workplace. During the 106th Congress, dozens of bills were introduced to increase the child tax credit, award stay-at-home parent grants to return to school, and expand the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act. Childless adults have had enough. They feel they have become second-class citizens in the eyes of their government and their employers. They say family-friendly policies that have become the norm, place an unfair burden on childfree workers and don't consider their families or lifestyles. Is it fair to give tax credits to parents regardless of income? (CNN 1) Should the childfree be expected to work extra hours because they don't have children? Should employee benefit plans reward fertility rather than longevity or merit? The childfree see a world of colleagues who are stressed out because they've chosen to believe the lieyou can have it all. (Burkett 55) You can have children, careers, and excel at both. They say we've taken a step backward to the days when married men made more than women doing the same work because they had families to support. They've watched as children invade places sacred to adults such as R-rated movies and the workplace itself, (Belkin 32) employers create benefit packages that are full of maternity leave, pregnancy coverage, and other child-friendly perks that mean pa...

10,000 Years of Andean Glacier Melt Explained Research Paper

10,000 Years of Andean Glacier Melt Explained - Research Paper Example The regression was basically related to the increase in temperature by 3Â °C which resulted warming of the Pacific Ocean. The research was conducted by IRD with several phases. The first phase includes a recent dating method which aims to reconstruct the chronology of the 10,000 years of glacier melt. The research method involves a measurement of the concentration of the chemical elements which resulted in building up in rock. The glaciologists who were involved in the research work applied the past climate model to find out what exactly caused the variation in the volume of Telata glacier. The research also focused on the tropical glaciers from the beginning of the industrial period. It also focuses on the high exposure of the masses of ice at a higher altitude like 5000 m where the severity of warming is quite high. The reasons for melting of glacier has been stated by different researchers across the world in different ways but the actual causes for the Andean Glacier Melt is sti ll unknown or vaguely known to people. Most of the Andean glaciers are situated at a very high altitude and sometime the altitude is more than 5000 m. The glacier is very sensitive to the climate warming which resulted in the dislocation of the tropical glacier and the elevation.

Comparing different philosophical theory Research Paper

Comparing different philosophical theory - Research Paper Example The main weakness of the idea is that it may justify an action that is carried out under free will and personal selection. Roberts points out that the idea eliminates the use of free will as a causing factor of an activity (35). Compatibilism on the other hand provides that the argument presented by determinism and free will are viable (Bobzien 28). The idea is of the assumption that a person may take part in an activity out of free will. Consequently, the person may take part in an activity an influence by another event. The concept differs from determinism in that it embraces free will. The concept may be used effectively in a court case where the actions of a person should be determined either as an action from free will or influenced by another activity. This creates the strength of the concept and makes it reliable when understanding human behavior. However, the concept does not justify the influence of nature on human behavior. Bobzien is of the assumption that nature is inevitable thus it makes it a requirement to adjust and embrace free will as a source of intent (33). Libertarianism is a concept that tends to embrace the argument that free will dominates the society (Ronald 17). In addition, the concept promotes the domination of free will. The concept is created from the argument on liberty. Liberty refers to the ability of a person to make independent decision and all institution the society respects the decision. Moreover, the concept tends to approve the personal ownership of natural resources without the interference of the state. One major weakness of the concept is that it eliminates the role of social institutions in the society. It perceives as free will as the most significant factor in the society. However, it creates an advantage that provides power to the people (Ronald 23). The three concepts have major differences. The differences are created in their ability to

Against Legalizing Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Against Legalizing Prostitution - Essay Example nthropology, and Social Work at Central Michigan University and Shekarkhar works at the Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law at the University of Florida. Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar focus on the flaws of the current construction and propose alternative constructions instead of prostitution decriminalisation. According to Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar, prostitution remains illegal in most parts of the US. The authors question whether there is empirical evidence to support United States’ argument that prostitution must remain illegal for maintenance of public health/safety. According to the article, there are four assumptions of laws on prostitution. These assumptions include illegalisation of prostitution deters the soliciting of such services, prostitution spreads sexually transmitted diseases, sex work increases the vulnerability of prostitutes to victimization, and prostitution creates social disorder. Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar argue, â€Å"†¦these assumptions have fear-inducing component directed towards prostitutes† (45). The authors add that the assumptions may also not be empirically valid. Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar believe that laws on prostitution are directed towards benefiting certain people and groups in society, but devastating others. Community members do not have common beliefs; hence, the laws are beneficial who believe that exchange of sex for money is morally reprehensible and a way out of the traditional family order. The authors posit that illegalisation of prostitution leads to injustices because it stigmatizes sex workers, infringing their right to use their bodies as a source of income. The flaws identified in the current prostitution laws makes Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar call for an alternative construction for addressing the inefficiencies. Additionally, Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar posit that prostitution should actually be decriminalised because it is rampant among the upper class citizens whose chances of criminalization are

History and Impact of Additive Manufacturing

History and Impact of Additive Manufacturing In the recent years, technology has been evolving at an exponential rate, due to important breakthroughs in research and development of new ways to produce efficient materials and structures. One of the most important technological step forward was the implementation of the extended use of Additive Manufacturing Machines, also known as 3D Printers. This revolutionary concept of Additive Manufacturing (AM) describes the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or maybe one dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. human tissue? The history of AM Manufacturing: The first additive manufacturing equipment and materials were developed by Charles Hull in the early 1980s, and he called the process stereolithography, (Jane Bird 2012). Hull, who has a bachelors degree in engineering physics, was working on making plastic objects from photopolymers at the company Ultra Violet Products in California. Stereolithography uses an .stl file format to interpret the data in a CAD file, allowing these instructions to be communicated electronically to the 3D printer. Along with shape, the instructions in the .stl file may also include information such as the color, texture, and thickness of the object to be printed.( Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM -2014) By the early 2010s, the terms 3D printing and additive manufacturing evolved senses in which they were alternate umbrella terms for AM technologies, one being used in popular vernacular by consumer maker communities and the media, and the other used officially by industrial AM end use p art producers, AM machine manufacturers, and global technical standards organizations.(Ishengoma, Fredrick R.; Mtaho, Adam B.-2014) Many other companies have since developed 3D printers for commercial applications. Hulls work, as well as advances made by other researchers, has revolutionized manufacturing, and is poised to do the same in many other fields-including medicine. (Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM -2014) 2. The types of AM Processes Although the term 3D Printing is used as a synonym for all Additive Manufacturing processes, there are actually lots of individual processes which vary in their method of layer manufacturing. Individual processes will differ depending on the material and machine technology used. Hence, in 2010, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) group ASTM F42 Additive Manufacturing, formulated a set of standards that classify the range of Additive Manufacturing processes into 7 categories (Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies -2012). These categories are: VAT Photopolymerisation which refers to using a vat of liquid photopolymer resin, out of which the model is constructed layer by layer; Material Jetting, which is used to create objects in a similar method to a two-dimensional ink jet printer. Material is jetted onto a build platform using either a continuous or Drop on Demand approach; Binder Jetting, which uses two materials; a powder based material and a binder. The binder is usually in liquid form and the build material in powder form. A print head moves horizontally along the x and y axes of the machine and deposits alternating layers of the build material and the binding material. Material Extrusion; Fuse deposition modelling is a common material extrusion process. Material is drawn through a nozzle, where it is heated and is then deposited layer by layer. The nozzle can move horizontally and a platform moves up and down vertically after each new layer is deposited. Inkjet Printing is a noncontact technique that uses thermal, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric technology to deposit tiny droplets of ink (actual ink or other materials) onto a substrate according to digital instructions. Sheet Lamination processes that include ultrasonic additive manufacturing and laminated object manufacturing. Directed Energy Deposition which covers a range of terminology: Laser engineered net shaping, directed light fabrication, direct metal de position, 3D laser cladding It is a more complex printing process commonly used to repair or add additional material to existing components. 3. Description of the way Thermal Inkjet Printing AM Machines work As mentioned above, TIJ printers use a technique that uses thermal, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric technology to deposit tiny droplets of ink (actual ink or other materials) onto a substrate according to digital instructions. In inkjet printing, droplet deposition is usually done by using heat or mechanical compression to eject the ink drops. In TIJ printers, heating the print head creates small air bubbles that collapse, creating pressure pulses that eject ink drops from nozzles in volumes as small as 10 to 150 picolitres. Droplet size can be varied by adjusting the applied temperature gradient, pulse frequency, and ink viscosity. TIJ printers are particularly promising for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Because of their digital precision, control, versatility, and benign effect on mammalian cells, this technology is already being applied to print simple 2D and 3D tissues and organs (also known as bioprinting). (Cui X, Boland T, DLima DD, Lotz MK -2012) 4. The benefits of AM Machines in Medical Industry The strengths of Additive Manufacturing lie in those areas where conventional manufacturing reaches its limitations. The technology is of interest where a new approach to design and manufacturing is required so as to come up with solutions to complex and complicated situations. It enables a design-driven manufacturing process where design determines production and not the other way around. What is more, AM allows for highly complex structures which can still be extremely light and stable, which is a particularly important characteristic for medical bio-engineering. It provides a high degree of design freedom, the optimization and integration of functional features, the manufacture of small batch sizes at reasonable unit costs and a high degree of product customization even in serial production, thus providing the possibility of adapting every AM designed apparatus to every patient needs. (S.V Murphy, A. Atala -2014) For example, 3D printing has been considered as a method of implant ing stem cells capable of generating new tissues and organs in living humans. With their ability to transform into any other kind of cell in the human body, stem cells offer huge potential in 3D bio-printing. (3D Masterminds 7 Ways 3D Printing Is Disrupting the Medical Industry-2015) Many medical devices, such as hearing aids, dental crowns, and surgical implants are relatively small in size and therefore suitable for the production available through common AM systems. According to a new research report from Albany, NY based Transparency Market Research, the global market for 3D printing in medical application was valued $354.5 million in 2012 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.4 percent from 2013 to 2019 to reach $965.5 million by 2019. (Wohlers Associates 2014) 5. Conclusion 3D printing has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of different fields, including medicine. As printer performance, resolution, and available materials have increased, so have the applications. Researchers continue to improve existing medical applications that use 3D printing technology and to explore new ones. The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary applications, such as organ printing, will need time to evolve, but still, taking into account the way technology evolves today, this kind of application may soon be accessible. 6. References -Jane Bird (2012-08-08). Exploring the 3D printing opportunity. The Financial Times.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   https://www.ft.com/content/6dc11070-d763-11e1-a378-00144feabdc0#axzz24gFn5Cal/ Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, et al. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem. 2014;86(7):3240-3253 https://all3dp.com/types-of-3d-printer-technology-explained/ -Ishengoma, Fredrick R.; Mtaho, Adam B. (2014-10-18). 3D Printing: Developing Countries Perspectives. International Journal of Computer Applications. 104 (11): 30-34. arXiv:1410.5349Freely accessible. doi:10.5120/18249-9329. ISSN 0975-8887. -Cui X, Boland T, DLima DD, Lotz MK Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012 Aug; 6(2):149-55. -3D bioprinting of tissues and organs Sean V Murphy Anthony Atala  © 2014 Nature America -3D Masterminds 7 Ways 3D Printing Is Disrupting the Medical Industry-2015: http://3dmasterminds.com/7-ways-3d-printing-is-disrupting-the-medical-industry/ Wohlers Associates Report 2014 https://wohlersassociates.com/2014report.htm

The Story of the Water :: Water Vapor

Water vapor is the most important gaseous source of infrared opacity in the atmosphere, it accounts for about 60% of the natural greenhouse effect for the clear skies [1], and provides the largest positive feedback in model projections of climate change [2]. Therefore, water vapor variability is an important issue in the discussion of global climate change [3] and in particular the variability of stratospheric water vapor has important radiative and chemical consequences that impact the global surface climate change [4]. An increase of roughly 1% per year in stratospheric water vapor content has been observed during the last half of the 20th century [5, 6], with a more convincingly documented increase during the 1980s and most of the 1990s than earlier. However, an updated trend analysis [7] of water vapor in the lower mid-latitude stratosphere from Boulder balloon measurements and from HALOE (Halogen Occultation Experiment) [8] spaceborne observations provides trend estimates for the period 1980-2000 that are up to 40% lower than previously reported. Methane oxidation is a major source of water in stratosphere, and has been increasing over the industrial period, however, the observed trend in stratospheric water vapor during the last half of the 20th century is too large to be attributed to methane oxidation alone [5, 9]. The temperatures near the tropical tropopause should control the stratospheric water vapor content according to the equilibrium thermodynamics, importing more water vapor into the stratosphere when temperatures are warmer. However, tropical tropopause temperatures have cooled slightly over the period of the stratospheric water vapor increase [10, 11]. Other mechanisms have been proposed to explain the increase of the stratospheric water vapor occurred in the second half of 20th century, but so far the driving causes of this increase are unknown. The upward trend of stratospheric water vapor decreased in the last half of the 1990s with a near-zero trend between 1996 and 2000 [12, 13]. Furthermore, at the end of 2000 there was a dramatic drop of about 10% of stratospheric water vapor [13]. The trend analysis reported in [14] extends until spring 2008 and it shows that a minimum was approximately reached between 2004 and 2006 and an increase is observed afterwards. The drop in stratospheric water vapor that occurred at the end of 2000 is thought to have slowed the rate of increase in global surface temperature over 2000-2009 by about 25% compared to that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases [4]. On the other hand the increase in stratospheric water vapor occurred between 1980 and 2000 would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about

Ann from “The Painted Door” by Sinclair Ross Essay

Because of John’s lack of communication skills, Ann feels isolated psychologically and emotionally, and as a result, she is seen by the reader as a woman in despair seeking companionship during the Great Depression. Ann is dutiful and submissive, so typical of the women of the 30’s, as it is shown when she claimed, â€Å"Plenty to eat – plenty of wood to keep me warm – what more could a woman ask for?†(p.48) even though it is clearly the opposite of what she really wants. She says to John â€Å"I know. It’s just that sometimes when you’re away I get lonely†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the hesitation in this particular sentence explains her powerful desire to have someone to talk to, yet is afraid of John’s response. But we think Ann is more than just what she appears to be. There are moments where her rebellious personality is shown, such as when she went out of the house during the blizzard to feed the animals when John had plainly stated to her, â€Å"Everything’s fed and watered, and I’ll see that there’s plenty of wood in.† This depicts Ann’s willingness to go so far as to distract herself from her loneliness. Also, the way she beseeches John to stay and the way she reacted, â€Å"She glanced up sharply, then busied herself clearing the table†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg49) at the mention of a visit by Steven shows that she presents some good intuition and intellect as to what may happen. One can argue that Ann is unconsciously selfish and even ungrateful, for John is constantly trying to please her by working continuous hours without aids of others. She also has a roof over her head and food in her tummy that so many lacked during that era, and yet, she gives hints that she is highly unsatisfied of her current situation and commits adultery. However, the lack of companionship, increased by the barrenness of the surroundings in which the character lives in, makes Ann desperate for anything that would get her out of her miserable existence. As we know, humans are extreme social creatures, and when Steven arrived on her doorsteps with his, quote, â€Å"still-boyish face† (pg57) and â€Å"his lips drawn in a little smile that was too insolent, but at the same time companionable†(pg57) , Ann forgets all  rules and drops her mental barrier, giving into what she desires the most: companionship. So in conclusion, we feel that Ann is a woman with an extremely good heart, but is misguided into doing wrong actions by the isolation and loneliness in which her husband had ultimately caused.

Manchester United Essay

We aim to increase our revenue and profitability by expanding our high growth businesses that leverage our global community and marketing infrastructure. The key elements of our strategy are: Expand our portfolio of global and regional sponsors: We are well positioned to continue to secure sponsorships with leading brands. Over the last few years, we have implemented a proactive approach to identifying, securing and supporting sponsors. In addition, we are focused on expanding a regional sponsorship model, segmenting new opportunities by product category and territory. As part of this strategy, we have opened an office in Asia and are in the process of opening an office in North America. These are in addition to our London and Manchester offices. Further develop our retail, merchandising, apparel & product licensing business: We will focus on growing this business on a global basis by increasing our product range and improving distribution through further development of our wholesale , retail and e-commerce channels. Manchester United branded retail locations have opened in Singapore, Macau, India and Thailand, and we plan to expand our global retail footprint over the next several years. In addition, we will also invest to expand our portfolio of product licensees to enhance the range of product offerings available to our followers. Exploit new media & mobile opportunities: The rapid shift of media consumption towards internet, mobile and social media platforms presents us with multiple growth opportunities and new revenue streams. Our digital media platforms, such as mobile sites, applications and social media, are expected to become one of the primary methods by which we engage and transact with our followers around the world. In addition to developing our own digital properties, we intend to leverage third party media platforms and other social media as a means of further engaging with our followers and creating a source of traffic for our digital media assets. Our new media & mobile offering s are in the early stages of development and present opportunities for future growth. Enhance the reach and distribution of our broadcasting rights: The value of live sports programming has grown dramatically in recent years due to changes in how television content is distributed and consumed. Specifically, television consumption has become more fragmented and audiences for traditional scheduled television programming have declined as consumer choice increased  with the emergence of multi-channel television, the development of technologies such as the digital video recorder and the emergence of digital viewing on the internet and mobile devices. The unpredictable outcomes of live sports ensures that individuals consume sports programming in real time and in full, resulting in higher audiences and increased interest from television broadcasters and advertisers. We are well positioned to benefit from the increased value and the growth in distribution associated with the Premier League, the Champions League and other competitions. Furthermore, MUTV, our global broadcasting platform, delivers Manchester United programming to 54 countries around the world. We plan to expand the distribution of MUTV by improving the quality of its content and its production capabilities. Diversify revenue and improve margins: We aim to increase the revenue and operating margins of our business as we further expand into our high growth commercial businesses, including sponsorship, retail, merchandising, licensing and new media & mobile. By increasing the emphasis on our commercial businesses, we will further diversify our revenue, enabling us to generate improved profitability. The five forces model of Michael Porter looks like the following if applied to Mu Ltd.: SUPPLIER POWER High diversity of suppliers Volume is important to supplier MU differentiates of inputs Inputs have a high impact on costs and differentiation Switching costs of firms in the industry are low There is a low Presence of substitute inputs BARRIERS TO ENTRY There is quite an easy access to inputs The is a government policy promoting quite free entry in case certain registration type of requirements are fulfilled There is economies of scale High capital requirements There are strong brand identity in the succer sector of the sports industry Switching costs are high Easy access to distribution Low expected retaliation THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Low switching costs Buyers are not highly inclined to substitute Price-performance, to a certain level, has no influence on the preffered team Trade-off of substitutes DEGREE OF RIVALRY High exit barriers Low industry concentration High fixed costs/High value added Low industry growth Low product differences Low switching costs High brand identity High diversity of rivals BUYER POWER Bargaining leverage is neither high, neither low Buyer volume upon successful times are high Buyer information can be considered high Brand identity is strong Price sensitivity is not extremely high Product differentiation is very high Buyer concentration vs. industry is low Many substitutes are available Source: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml Key Performance Indicators (KPI) The other, as mentioned before, is the KPI, or key performance indicators. As the Affiliated League Club lists, the KPI of a sports klubs must be the following( p.3,http://nemjfa.homestead.com/BUSINESSPLAN.pdf ): Sound business plan Stable administration, close communication between all levels of Club Management High quality coaches at both senior and underage levels High profile and acceptance within the community Strong Club presence in schools, both primary and secondary Sound oval management, high standard of club facilities Sound financial management, expenses kept in line with income base Development of Juniors, particularly local based players Manchester United Ltd. is a very professional company, and is in possession of these characteristics. It actually needs so, if it wants to achieve its declared goal, „to be the most successful teem in football† (http://ir.manutd.com/manutd/about/bustrat/). As to the last part of the question, identifying internal and external factors, please refer back to the Porter’s Five Forces Model above Major cost categories of the company, the drivers behind these costs, and the internal and external factors that influence costs the most There are three major cost categories, those related to the operation and development of the corporate Manchester United, the costs related to the operation and development of the sporting club, and other, related costs. The corporate costs include such costs as dept and maintance costs, and costs related to the commercial activities of the company. Examples of club related cost include the compensation of the players and staff, and purchase of new players and stuff. The other costs include, for instance infrastructural costs, such as the maintance and development cost of the stadium of MU, the „Old Trafford†. The drivers of the costs of Manchester United, and the internal and external factors that influence the cost structure and levels of these cost in all the three major categories can be observed in the second part of question 1, in the Porter’s Five Forces Model. What companies are comparable companies Other English football club corporations like Chelsea and Arsenal of London, Everton, and Liverpool. Companies operating football clubs are very dinstinct from companies of other industries, and the larger football clubs are probably very similar to each other in how they conduct their business, all having some income sources, tickets, clothing, that are the same. Method most appropriate to assess the value of the company, advantages and disadvantages of the relative and the DCF methods. If we are looking at the performance of the company, probably the profitability is the measure that should be used, because it measures the efficientcy of the financial performance of the company. DCF Method: Advantages: As DCF analysis is based on the assumptions of the CAPM, it is an analytically correct valuation method. In contrast to the Comparable Companies analysis, volatile market conditions do not have an impact on the results. DCF therefore is often used as an additional point of reference. Since the discount rate is usually derived from the WACC, the DCF takes account of the relative riskiness of the projected cash flow. Accounting rules do not influence this approach, as valuation is based on projected cash flow. growth period period of stable growth. Multiples appropriate for the comparison of the company with other comparative companies, what financial and non-financial measures should be a basis of compari Probably the best multiple to measure the success of a club is the games won to the sum of tied and lost games. This is important, because the more games a club can win, the more the corporate club can achieve in its merchadising, and the more sponsors it will be able to attract. This multiple would be considered to be a non-funancial measure. A financial measure applicable to football corporations would be profitability if the company, as it, though with limmitations, measures how efficiently the club is operating. Another financial measure would be the revenues per players in a complete season. Shortcomings: Since the terminal value often represents more than 50% of the entire DCF value it is therefore highly sensitive to the underlying assumptions, especially regarding the growth component in the terminal value and the discount rate. Using historical stock returns when estimating the beta depends heavily on the choice of the index. For volatile companies the beta is very high, resulting in a relatively high discount rate and a low net present value of cash flows. Estimating a â€Å"correct† value by applying the DCF approach therefore depends to a large extend on the expertise and industry knowledge of the person doing the valuation. Moreover, the DCF approach neither considers different management options nor future investment opportunities. It only works if cash flows are subject to little uncertainty and the company is managed by a static management team. It does not capture the â€Å"true† value if there are large initial losses, highly  volatile earnings or immense initial growth rates.† (WEITZEL, GELLINGS, BEIMBORN and KÃâ€"NIG, 2003, IS Valuation Methods- Insights from Capital Markets Theory and Practice –, p.5-6.) Relative method: Advantages: As the comparable companies method is based on public information, market moods and perceptions are reflected, since it measures the relative and not the intrinsic value. Relative valuation is based upon fewer assumptions and can be conducted faster than DCF valuation. Shortcomings: The simplicity of valuation by multiples is its deficiency [Benninga/Sarig 1997, 305]. Since no value determinants are analyzed, it is important to carefully select comparable firms. Also, outside variables like mergers and acquisitions in the respective sector can influence stock prices. Figures often fail to capture intangible assets, like quality of management. Hence, CC based valuation should provide a valuable â€Å"sanity check† to assure the validity of a DCF analysis, but it should not be the only valuation method used [Benninga/Sarig 1997, 305].† (WEITZEL, GELLINGS, BEIMBORN and KÃâ€"NIG, 2003, IS Valuation Methods- Insights from Capital Markets Theory and Practice –, p.7-8.) Limitations of applying the relative and the DCF methods to the evaluation of the company, what can be done to overcome this problem There are a number of limitations of applying the relative and the DCF methods to the evaluation of the company. For instance, purchasing new players and coaches cost a lot of money; it is not rare that that amount of money reaches one million euros. As it was seen in the above summary of the disadvantages of the DCF method. A possible solution to this problem, though not very humane, the cost of these players and coaches could be depreciated over the time frame of the contract involved, just as it is done in the case of new infrastructural expenditures. In the case of the Relative method, the problem is that the progression of the team in the national, that is in the Premier League, and in the international cups and championships, were much different both in the near past and will probably be in the future also. This increases the risk of the cyclicality of the business. This cyclicality can be much different in the case of the different corporate clubs, which makes the incomes and thus other results of the companies very difficult to  compare. Links for more information Porter five forces analysis – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Porter’s five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determi Performance indicator – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a measure of performance. Such measures are commonly used to help an organization define and evaluate how successful it is, typically in terms of making progress towards its long-term Manchester United Official Web Site The official site with news, transfer rumours, online ticket sales, live match commentary, video highlights, player profiles, mobile content, wallpapers and more. Manchester united  Manchester United (ManU) is one of the leading football clubs in the world. ManU has won many titles in the football competition making the club to be the most successful football club in the world. The success of this club is contributed by the good management of Sir Alex Ferguson who has been the manager since 1986 when Ron Atkinson left (Official website, ManU). Introduction The football industry in UK has become popular because of the first successes in the industry, an attribute that made it a viable business. The main aim of this report is to analyze the SWOT and PEST analysis of Manchester United. From this analysis, it will be possible to identify both the internal and external strengths of the company. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis can be used to know the success factors of ManU as well as to identify the strategies to be overcome the club’s weaknesses. Moreover, SWOT analyses will enable the company to identify the opportunities to improve performance. SWOT analysis of Manchester United is presented below: Strengths The key strength of Manchester United is its well recognized brand all over  the world. ManU has achieved such good brand name by heavy advertisement through the internet, TV and magazines (Andrews, 2004). This massive advertisement has made the club to get various sponsors. This means that whenever the company raises any merchandise in the market, indicating their name and symbol, it will be identified by its funs all over the world. Strength of the club is the presence of a big fan base which has improved the financial stability of the club. This big fan base has made a very high purchase figure whenever the tickets are being sold. Furthermore, Manchester United has various distribution channels which enable it to deliver new products introduced into the market. Furthermore, these channels can be used by the Manchester United to obtained feedback from the market concerning their products and performances. Weaknesses From the website of the company, it shows that the major weakness is the products and product variety. It is evident that the company has been introducing many diverse products at different occasions. All these diverse products have been introduced from the jersey to credit cards indicating that the company has exploited the available sources of income within the company. This action needs to be researched as soon as possible so as to help the company to situate and analyze it products, adopt the use of effective instruments such as the Boston Matrix which will help the company to identify that the products are doing well in the market. Lastly, the club has been so affluent, and it is still operating on such a high level, there is a worrying within the management of the company that it will loose its origin, which has a diverse concentration of the club from football to the proceeds. Such moves might have a great effect to its fans because the fans come from all over the world. Oppor tunities Penetration of the Manchester United to the American market has been one of the major opportunities to the company. The company will in future structure its club by entering into coalition with the New York Yankees. The New York Yankees is one of the well-off teams in the world. This will assist the company by ensuring that exclusive distribution channels are established in the United States of America. Through this the company will be in a position to enter and present their products in a new market. Furthermore, the  Manchester United will be in a position to lead all the football clubs in the America, though there will be superior height of risks concerned. The managers believe that by entering a coalition with the Yankees, this threat will be reduced (CNN, 2010). Threats Manchester United operates under a great threat in this field because other big teams like Manchester City and Arsenal which are currently improving in their performances. These and other teams have become very big competitors to the club. Furthermore, the Manchester United FC has been facing internal threats to the team. There is a frequent change of leadership in the company making the club to be disunited. Nonetheless, this will affect the sale of merchandise. Lastly, the club is lacking enough finances for financing academies and junior football, so that they can train the best footballers to ensure smooth succession in the future. PEST Analysis of the Manchester United The club’s decision has been affected by macro-environmental factors such as the changes in taxes, new laws, demographic changes and the changes in government policy. The managers of Manchester United can classify these as the political, economical, social and technological factors. Political factors This comprises of the laws which govern the issues affecting the activities of the club. Currently the team is undergoing a problem of paying out its debts which amount to $1.5 billion, a figure which was misappropriated by the greedy owners. The fans of Manchester United from England are preparing to join their efforts to force legislators to consider pro-football legislation in parliament which will aim at fighting the total arrears which has not being paid because of corrupt owners who misuse the funds of the club. Such an action has exploited the loyalties of fans of Manchester United. Economical factors The club has boosted the economy through employment opportunities which have been created to the players and the officials. The positive effect of Manchester United FC is felt globally because they employ the best players globally. Secondly, this soccer club has been a catalyst in the regional development because of the positive financial flows which are generated by the supporters of the team across the world. Lastly, the club has a positive influence on the economy because its officials are thrown from all over the world. These officials spend an average of 15on basic needs such as food, drinks etc. in a single match. If the supporters are from foreign countries they bring in foreign currencies which will eventually boosts the Balance of Payments in the country Technology Technology has contributed positively to the foot ball games since the players are capable of playing at night due to the availability of electricity. Furthermore, technology has facilitated various people from different parts of the world to watch football irregardless of there locations. Technology has facilitated fans of the club to obtain information from the internet concerning the performances of the company. This has benefited those Manchester United fans to get updates incase they had missed to watch the game. Social Manchester United just like any other football team has united many people especially the funs of football. People have interacted all over the world because of football. People from different age groups normally watch football because it is either their favorite game or because they want to watch just for leisure. Football has become part of the society in the current world, everybody in the world talks of football, either English Premier League or the world cup championships. This is very important since it has affected the society in a positive way i.e. it can create employment in the region. For example, the world cup will be in South Africa this year. The South African government will collect a lot of revue in terms of taxation, sales of tickets and any other taxable stuff. This will have close relationship with the social cultural factors though indirectly (Masterman, 2009). Manchester United has contributed a lot in the context of the social cultural factors as it employs play ers from different parts of the world. They normal select stars from different leagues and employ them. From a research done by Masterman, Manchester is the leading club in the payment package they offer to its employees. Business strategy The team has carried research concerning their product development in the market. This is very important as it will help the team to improve their performance in their product in the present market before strategizing on how to enter the new market. Conclusion Manchester United is the leading team in the football industry and to maintain this position, they have to focus on the market and the needs of its clients and followers. The company has further improved on their product through carrying research; these improvements have brought success in the club and improve the support of the team. The board of directors has also done their best by employing the best players to represent the club. This will make the team to perform well in the field whenever they have a game. Furthermore, these directors ensure that the discipline is well maintained in the company because the fans and its competitors are closely watching what is going on in the company. Bibliography Andrews, D. L. (2004) Manchester United: a thematic study. Routledge: UK. Barthold, D. 2009. The Business of European Football. GRIN Verlag, (3). Pp 36-38 Masterman, G. 2009. Strategic Sports Event Management: Olympic Edition Hospitality, Leisureand Tourism Series. Butterworth-Heinemann, (2). Pp 65-67 Manchester United. 2008. The Official Manchester United Annual 2009 Official Manchester The Manchester United Football Club is one of the most popular football clubs in the world. This English football club has its base at Old Trafford Stadium, which is located in Trafford, Greater Manchester. Manchester United is the founder member of 1992 Premier League. Being the second most successful team in the entire history of English football, Manchester United Football Club has over 330 million fans globally. The club has been participating in the top division English football since 1938. The Manchester United Football Club is also popular by its nickname, â€Å"The Red Devils†. In November 1986 when Alex Ferguson became the manager of the Club, Manchester United reached to the peak of success and won 20 major titles. The Manchester United Football Club has won the Premier League and First Division 17 times and is trailing behind Liverpool by just one title. Manchester United became the first English Football Club to win the European Cup in 1968. The Club has the record of winning maximum number of FA Cup titles. From late 90’s until date, Manchester United remains one of the richest football clubs with a total value of  £897 million. In 1998-99, Manchester United became the first ever and the only club to win the Treble. In the year 2000, the club became a founding member for the G-14 group. This is a group of the Big European football clubs. In the year 2005, American businessperson Malcolm Glazer took a controlling interest in Manchester United. With the Red Football Ltd as the investment vehicle, Malcolm took 75% control of the club and the club was de-listed from the Stock Exchange. Initially the jersey of Manchester United was yellow and green in color but in 1902, the club changed it to red jerseys with white shorts and black socks. Manchester United has sponsorship deals with various companies. AIG, Nike, Audi, Budweiser, Betfred, Xfm Manchester are some of the sponsors for the club. The Manchester United football club has its own football ground at Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The stadium opened on 19 February 1910 and the total capacity of the stadium is 76,212. It is a difficult job to determine the greatest rival of Manchester United Football Club. According to some people, Liverpool is the biggest rival of Manchester. Leeds, Manchester City and Arsenal are also the other known rivals of the Club. So far, the Club has bagged 3 European Cup/ UEFA Champions League, 1 UEFA Cup Winner’s Cup and 1 European Super Cup. Manchester United Football Club has also won 1 Intercontinental Cup/ World Cup Championship. Facts:  · 5% of the world population is the supporters of Manchester United Football Club.  · The Club has won 10 Premier leagues, 7 First division leagues and 2 Second division leagues.  · Manchester United won 11 FA Cups, 2 League cups and 16 FA Charity/Community Shield. In the next few articles, let us understand about the sports team’s brand-building strategies. The most common strategy followed by most of the teams is: Sponsorship with other global brands  Being associated with other international brand names lends global presence to brands as they go worldwide. If we talk about the most richest soccer club, Manchester United, they have 44 official sponsors associated with the club. One of the biggest tie up then in the year 2002 was Manchester United’s tie up with Nike. Both Manchester United and Nike gained in global stature after the announcement of their global tie-in 2002. Now such is the case that Nike has to discuss a  £303 million kit supply deal with Manchester United and they might well have to anyhow shell out this huge sum of cash if they want to maintain their association with Manchester United. One month from now, this strategically important meeting will be talking place and the American sport wear company will have to come up with an enormous sum to satisfy the club’s owners. The ‘Swoosh’ logo has adorned some of the greatest teams and players in the history of the game, including Manchester United legends Eric Cantona, Ruud van Nistelrooy and Cristiano Ronaldo. Of the current squad, Wayne Rooney, Javier Hernandez, the Da Silva twins, Chris Smalling, Patrice Evra, Paul Scholes and Rio Ferdinand all wear Nike boots along with the standard kits. In recent years, Manchester United has formed commercial alliances with a number of global players in other industries: Vodafone, Pepsi, DHL and Aon were all added to the clubâ₠¬â„¢s sponsorship list. Under these arrangements, the club gains from sponsors’ international reputations and sponsors gain from their association with a such big sports brand. And Manchester United is talking full advantage of this to reach out to new segment of soccer fans and in turn helping in strengthening its brand equity. In July, United announced a staggering  £357 million deal with General Motors for the Chevrolet logo to be worn on their shirts for seven seasons from 2014. Chevrolet’s eight-year partnership with Manchester United kicked off this summer with a series of friendly matches, bringing the world’s favourite football team to their fans in South Africa, Europe and China. The support for, and commitment to Manchester United and its passionate fans worldwide will go far beyond the pre-season games as General Motors look to join the fans in celebrating all that is beautiful about the game. One of the biggest logistics company which is present in 220 countries and territ ories worldwide has tied up United in 2011. DHL were made responsible to undertake a range of logistics services on behalf of Manchester United for three years. Just like DHL, Manchester United stands  for passion, teamwork and can-do spirit. And it’s those same characteristics that have enabled both DHL and Manchester United to remain at the top of their game and thus join together and build its brand. The last two deals done recently by Manchester United were with the two sponsors from China (Wahaha, a soft drinks manufacturer and China Construction Bank (CCB). Both have tied up for a three year deal. CCB will hold the exclusive rights to produce the official Manchester United branded credit card in Mainland China. Wahaha has been the largest beverage producer in China for the past 11 years and will be the club’s first official soft drinks partner in the country. This is just one of the many strategic decision taken by this 135-year-old soccer club from Britain. In the coming article, I would write about Manc hester United’s Asian Strategy, mainly highlighting its entry into the Indian market.