Gender Roles in Jeopardy

Erica Ahern Eng 102-09 Essay 3 November 4, 2009 Gender Roles in Jeopardy Traditional gender roles are being threatened in today’s economy, the out-dated stereotype that men are better workers than women is now absurd. Although, the stereotype that women can take care of the household better than men has not changed. For as long as human behavior has been documented there have been strict ideals of the different gender roles in parenting.These hunter and gatherer sub sequential gender responsibilities have fundamentally defined what the correct social position for men and women are, yet recently in some households those traditional gender roles have become reversed. The Movie â€Å"Daddy Day Care† is about the plight of a man named Charlie, played by Eddie Murphy, who is laid off at his job when the health division in his company is shut down. Charlie had worked in product development at a large food company, and was the main provider for his family.Charlie’s unfo rtunate employment situation left his wife with the responsibility as breadwinner of the household. Due to the new financial strain put on his family and no job possibilities on the horizon he and his friend Phil, played by Jeff Garlin, are forced to take their sons out of an exclusive program called The Chapman Academy and become stay at home fathers. Desperate for money, Charlie opens up a day care center, which offers reasonable pricing and flexible hours. Unfortunately for Charlie his business doesn’t exactly take off with the popularity he had expected it too.Charlie thought that with his tremendous competitive rates that he would have an overwhelming starting success. Unfortunately for Charlie and his friend Phil their potential customers were very patronizing about two men taking care of their children, due to this typically being a woman’s occupation. The idea that women are better than men at maintaining a household and carrying out domestic responsibilities i s rebutted by Laura Vanderkam in her article â€Å"What Moms Can Learn From Dads; Stay-at-home Men Find More Time for Leisure, Less Time for Chores and Present a Healthier Picture of Domestic Life. Vanderkam’s article makes a point to explain that as more men are taking on the primary parenting role, that research has shown that they are undertaking the household responsibilities better than the more traditional families today. (Vanderkam 1). She conveys that with men, domestic work and child care are considered two separate jobs. That men believe that the task of caring for children is reasonably different from doing the housework. (Vanderkam 2). Men are seeming to have a better strategy for dividing the responsibilities with their spouses, and giving themselves more time for leisure.Peg Tyre and Daniel McGinn explain in â€Å"She Works He Doesn’t† that the unemployment rate has recently hit six percent. They explain that several million families are experienc ing dads coming home from work with a severance package, especially white-collar men due to corporate downsizing. Tyre and McGinn also state that women are currently earning more college degrees and M. B. A. s than men, which is making them better equipped to pick up the financial slack. (Tyre 51). Although, gender often shapes the work opportunities and experiences that men and women often have in industrial societies.They also mention, though, that the shift of the wife becoming the breadwinner can be very difficult when families are forced into it. (Tyre 56). It is pointed out in Hilary Potkewitz’s article â€Å"Daddy and Me! ; Newly Jobless Fathers Discover Ups and Downs of Stay-at home Life,† that due to the recession most layoff’s in the New York industry have been male dominated. This predicament leaves more and more men having to undertake the responsibility as primary caregiver to their children. This role can often be intimidating for men due to the fa ct that most child activity networks are more geared towards women guardians. In a world of Mommy and Me groups, breast feeding workshops and ballet classes where the aesthetic is overwhelmingly pink, there are few programs that reach out to fathers. † She explains that fathers new to the role of caregiver are easy to spot due to their lack of experience with pushing strollers, that they often bump them into inanimate objects. (Potkewitz 1). Stay at home dad’s also often feel rejected by nannies and mothers in child care classes, that women make them feel inadequate as primary caregivers. (Potkewitz 2).If a husband loses his job and is having trouble finding work, the wife can be justified in threatening to leave him. However, consider the arbitrary reaction if a husband threatened to leave a wife who was in the exact same predicament. He would probably be crucified. If a man loses his job, the woman is justified in resenting the fact that the financial burden is then t hrust on her. Nevertheless, a man is not permitted to resent this very same dilemma. If a man is laid off and cares for the household and kids, while the wife is working, he can be accused of not pulling his weight.Yet this is exactly the same situation that women demand more recognition for. It's perfectly acceptable for a woman to demand a man make a certain salary, to be deemed â€Å"marriage material†, and provide stability. Likewise, if a man demands the wife do the cooking and cleaning, he can now be labeled a sexist hater of women. If he asks her to carry her weight financially, just like he does, he can be criticized as an inadequate provider. In conclusion, with the recent recession in the economy more men are being laid off of their jobs.With women now becoming more educated and being able to achieve jobs of higher pay and better achieved status than in the past they are now able to assume the role of breadwinner. Women’s and men’s participation in pai d work and the nature of that work often determine their social value, and overall status in society. This reversal of habitual gender roles is slowly becoming more popular, and hopefully more acceptable in today’s society. The ideals of the different gender roles when it comes to parenting are now in jeopardy as women are now earning higher salaries than that of the past.Men are also proving themselves adequate as the caregivers of their children, and reshaping the generic belief that only women can be domesticated. Work Cited Tyre, Peg. McGinn, Daniel â€Å"She Works, He Doesn’t. † The Changing World of Work. Ed. Marjorie Ford. New York: Pearson 2006. 50-58. Potkewitz, Hilary. â€Å"Daddy and Me! ; Newly jobless fathers discover ups and downs of stay-at-home life. † Crain’s New York Business. (March 16, 2009) Vanderkam, Laura. â€Å"What Mom’s Can Learn From Dads; Stay-at home men find more time for leisure, less time for chores and prese nt a healthier picture of domestic life. † USA Today. (June 24, 2008) Ahern

Extraversion and Neurotism

TAKE-HOME ESSAY #2 Psy 2300, Fall 2012 †¢The second take-home essay will be worth 20 points. You may use your textbook, D2L resources, and class notes. You may NOT collaborate with fellow students! †¢Essays must be double-spaced, with 1-inch margins and a reasonable font size (e. g. , 12 point). †¢PLEASE CAREFULLY PROOFREAD YOUR ANSWERS FOR CLARITY & TYPOS; excessive proofreading errors will result in a deduction of points, as will a failure to follow the formatting requirements above! †¢The essay should be 1-3 pages long and organized into coherent paragraphs. Please organize your essay according to the subdivisions provided (a, b, c, etc. ). You do not need to use a formal essay format (introduction, body, conclusion). †¢Please use your own words whenever possible. If you feel you must quote from class notes or the textbook, cite the source properly. †¢You may answer any ONE of the three questions provided. If you answer more than one, only the first o ne will be graded. †¢Essays are DUE in the Dropbox by 9:59 p. m. on Friday, November 9th. 1. Compare and contrast the Big Five with EITHER Eysenck’s model OR Tellegen’s model (i. . , identify similarities and differences). If you choose Tellegen, focus on the three higher-order traits; just refer to the primary scales as examples if applicable. Think about how the models were derived as well as the meaning of the traits themselves. Then discuss which of the three trait models covered in class you prefer and whether you think any important aspects of personality are left out of the three models. Make sure you JUSTIFY your choice of favorite model by presenting at least two distinct reasons. 2.Consider what it means to be high in the traits of Extraversion and Neuroticism (separately). Then make connections between each trait and current concern theory. Specifically, address how being high in these traits might influence: †¢Which types of goals people pursue â € ¢How their goal pursuits affect them (emotionally and cognitively) †¢How they progress through the incentive-disengagement cycle when a goal is blocked What I’m looking for here is a thoughtful discussion of how being high in E and being high in N might affect people’s motivational processes, using concepts from Klinger’s current concern theory.It may help to refer to the low ends of these traits to provide a contrast with the high ends (e. g. , â€Å"unlike introverts, when extraverts pursue a goal†¦ †). 3. If you’d like to be a little creative, tell a â€Å"story† about a person with a particular configuration of traits. Specifically, choose AT LEAST THREE of the Big Five OR Tellegen’s primary traits (if you choose Tellegen, make sure to pick one trait from each higher-order factor). The person can be purely hypothetical or based on someone you know; I even had students discuss the fictional characters Dwight (from â⠂¬Å"The Office†) and Borat!Describe how that person typically behaves based on how they score on the three traits you select. For example, â€Å"Ralph† might be high C, low N, and medium O. What might Ralph’s behavior patterns be like? His interpersonal relationships? His goal pursuits? Would his trait configuration lead to any particular problems in his life? What I’m looking for is a clear understanding of the traits you choose and the ability to APPLY those traits to a realistic scenario in which the traits can interact with each other. Have fun! [NOTE:I have a sample full-credit essay posted on D2L to help with this option! ]

Adolf Hitler and Japanese Canadians War

Discuss the role that Italy played in World War II. How did the nation become involved in the conflict? How did its participation affect the direction of the war and Germany’s fortunes? 3. Discuss the issues surrounding the United States’ decision to use atomic bombs against Japan. What motives were behind this action, and what arguments have been made against it? 4. Explain how the situation in Europe immediately following the fall of Germany led directly to the Cold War. In your opinion, should the Western Allies have acted to oppose Soviet domination of Eastern Europe? 5. Consider the role of technology during World War II. Did it fundamentally affect the outcome of the war? If so, how? If not, why not? 6. Compare the roles of Germany and Japan during World War II. Generally speaking, were their aggressions fundamentally similar or fundamentally different? . Explain Germany’s mistakes in Russia and the ways in which they affected the outcome of the war. 8. Why did the British government give in to German demands regarding Czechoslovakia in 1938, but took a relatively firmer stand over Poland in 1939? 9. Compare Soviet and British policies toward Poland between 1943 and 1945, focusing on both aims and outcomes. 10. Did the nature of German rearmament b etween 1935 and 1939 support the view that Hitler was planning for a Blitzkrieg war? 11. Asses and explain whether the internment of Japanese Canadians justified during World War Two? 2. Discuss the major differences between how the allies treated Germany after World War Two with World War One and how it may have been better. 13. Compare the strategic significance of the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Britain. 14. Discuss Blittzkrieg and the importance of this tactic during World War Two. 15. Assess and explain the role of women during WWII and compare them to WWI. 16. The Second World War had consequences for European society and the world at large that were every bit as profound as the changes wrought by World War I. Assess these consequences as they became evident in 1945 as the war ended as well as for the years following from the standpoint of physical losses (casualties, refugees, infrastructure, etc. ) as well as the political and territorial settlements in Europe and the world at large. 17. To what extent were the German’s people responsible for Hitler/ Holocaust. 18. Compare WWI to WWII, identifying similarities in the causes, development, and outcomes of the wars. Other topics to consider Appeasement (WLM King) Isolationism The Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations (failure of) Dieppe D-Day (Juno Beach) Liberation of Holland Dunkirk (evacuation of) Battle of Britain Battle of the Atlantic Role of Technology / Canadian war production Anti-Semitism in Canada Internment of Japanese Canadians War on the homefront – War production / Changing role of women TOPIC LIST Blitzkreig The Battle of the Atlantic Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) Lebensraum The Brtsh Commonwealth Air Training Plan Canadian Women’s Auxiliary Airforce Occupation of the Rhineland Camp X The Munich Pact Cdn Women’s Army Corps D-Day The Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact The Battle for Normandy Canadian War Brides Dunkirk Treaty of Versailles The Royal Cdn Air Force Wm. L. Mackenzie King War on the Homefront War Propaganda The Home Front General Guy Simonds Canada and the Italian Campaign Conscription The Scheldt Estuary The Internment of Japanese Canadians Liberation of the Netherlands Canada and Hong Kong Juno Beach The Battle of the Atlantic VE Day Dieppe Verrieres Ridge Adolf Hitler and Japanese Canadians War Discuss the role that Italy played in World War II. How did the nation become involved in the conflict? How did its participation affect the direction of the war and Germany’s fortunes? 3. Discuss the issues surrounding the United States’ decision to use atomic bombs against Japan. What motives were behind this action, and what arguments have been made against it? 4. Explain how the situation in Europe immediately following the fall of Germany led directly to the Cold War. In your opinion, should the Western Allies have acted to oppose Soviet domination of Eastern Europe? 5. Consider the role of technology during World War II. Did it fundamentally affect the outcome of the war? If so, how? If not, why not? 6. Compare the roles of Germany and Japan during World War II. Generally speaking, were their aggressions fundamentally similar or fundamentally different? . Explain Germany’s mistakes in Russia and the ways in which they affected the outcome of the war. 8. Why did the British government give in to German demands regarding Czechoslovakia in 1938, but took a relatively firmer stand over Poland in 1939? 9. Compare Soviet and British policies toward Poland between 1943 and 1945, focusing on both aims and outcomes. 10. Did the nature of German rearmament b etween 1935 and 1939 support the view that Hitler was planning for a Blitzkrieg war? 11. Asses and explain whether the internment of Japanese Canadians justified during World War Two? 2. Discuss the major differences between how the allies treated Germany after World War Two with World War One and how it may have been better. 13. Compare the strategic significance of the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Britain. 14. Discuss Blittzkrieg and the importance of this tactic during World War Two. 15. Assess and explain the role of women during WWII and compare them to WWI. 16. The Second World War had consequences for European society and the world at large that were every bit as profound as the changes wrought by World War I. Assess these consequences as they became evident in 1945 as the war ended as well as for the years following from the standpoint of physical losses (casualties, refugees, infrastructure, etc. ) as well as the political and territorial settlements in Europe and the world at large. 17. To what extent were the German’s people responsible for Hitler/ Holocaust. 18. Compare WWI to WWII, identifying similarities in the causes, development, and outcomes of the wars. Other topics to consider Appeasement (WLM King) Isolationism The Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations (failure of) Dieppe D-Day (Juno Beach) Liberation of Holland Dunkirk (evacuation of) Battle of Britain Battle of the Atlantic Role of Technology / Canadian war production Anti-Semitism in Canada Internment of Japanese Canadians War on the homefront – War production / Changing role of women TOPIC LIST Blitzkreig The Battle of the Atlantic Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) Lebensraum The Brtsh Commonwealth Air Training Plan Canadian Women’s Auxiliary Airforce Occupation of the Rhineland Camp X The Munich Pact Cdn Women’s Army Corps D-Day The Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact The Battle for Normandy Canadian War Brides Dunkirk Treaty of Versailles The Royal Cdn Air Force Wm. L. Mackenzie King War on the Homefront War Propaganda The Home Front General Guy Simonds Canada and the Italian Campaign Conscription The Scheldt Estuary The Internment of Japanese Canadians Liberation of the Netherlands Canada and Hong Kong Juno Beach The Battle of the Atlantic VE Day Dieppe Verrieres Ridge

Latin American History and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Latin American History and Society - Essay Example Hegemony and transculturation were majorly brought about by the colonization and importation of the slaves to provide labor in Latin America. European entry had both economic and political motivations, but also allowed cultural contact and exchange among Europe, Africa and America (Chasteen 6-118). Colonization by the European resulted to the enslavement of the natives to work for the Spaniards who provided all orders concerning the activities to be carried out. The main aim of the colonizers was to establish administrative dependency in which the local people were directly ruled. They also imposed social-cultural, religious and linguistic structures on the conquered population. They believed that their morals and values were superior. All population under colony had to be converted to Christianity. All those who were opposed to these introductions of beliefs and religious practices faced severe penalties and death, to some extent. Also, their lands were taken and given to those who converted to Roman Catholicism. This mobilization of the natives was to create labor force that was used to meet production quotas. Enslavement resulted to death of many since these were activities that they were not accustomed to. Spanish treatment of the indigenous population sparked fierce debates at their home regarding the issue of entailment of basic rights to mankind. This debate touched on religion being questioned, if those enslaved had souls (Chasteen 6-118). The enslavement of the Africans in the Spanish Americas started in 1502. This was after the abolition of the native enslavement. The monarchs gave permission to the colonist to import African slaves. Most of the blacks were migrated to Europe by the transatlantic trade. Although some of the blacks born in Spain were not slaves they still were subjected to cruelty and hard labor. The replacement of the natives slave by the Africans was accepted by time the Spaniards. Later on the slaves escaped to various destinations, some ended up in Florida where they were granted freedom after they converted to Roman Catholicism. In those sections they went to, they were given protection by the governments therefore making it hard for their masters to retake them. Settlement and protection of the slaves contributed to ending of the slavery. This resulted to linguistic and cultural links in the community they settled in. Acceptance of the Negros into the communities they ended up in constituted to sharing and mixing of various issues like marriages and creation of laws, that both protected the freed slaves and also the natives of the Latin America. Finally, the colonization helped to crease consciousness of an inter-dependent world community shared by everyone. 1b After European colonizing the Americans, they imposed all their morals and values to all those subjected under them. The Catholic Church and the Roman Empire ruled the Europe by the 1500. All the colonies of Europe therefore had to spread this religi on to all the natives regardless of their beliefs. This was evidenced by the crusades spread in the colonies. This was referred to as the divine right of conquest. Considering the fact that the Islamic religion had widely spread, it made it difficult for other people to change to Catholicism since many were already Muslims. The end result was the merging of the catholic monarchies in Spain and giving Catholic Church control power of religion

Accounting case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting case - Essay Example les and production department, the department could not complete the order based on standard costing since there were significant labor cost variations which would then be assigned in the department’s budget. Labor also worked over time which added to the costs of the department, leading to a production batch that was more expensive than other regular batches (Caplan, 2012). One of the key ways that most organizations use to manage their costing systems is to use a standard costing mechanism and use flexible budgeting in order to cater to such variations which are inevitable in such organizations where some orders may come in for rush production. With flexible budgeting, the variations between actual and budgeted costs are utilized to evaluate futuristic trends and seasonable patterns. In this manner, the organization can use not only the same standard costing mechanisms but also flexible patterns in order to help predict how costs may vary in case of such non standard practices like overtime production, or production in shorter timelines (Caplan, 2012). Caplan, D. (2012). Management Accounting: Concepts and Techniques. Retrieved June 27, 2012, from Oregon State University:

Science Fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Science Fiction - Essay Example Currently, alien is stereotyped into â€Å"Martians† who exclusively steps down from Mars. However, it is a misconception of humans that aliens could arrive only from â€Å"Mars â€Å"as they can be any foreign body attempting to adapt on earth. Swanwick has given equal importance to human and aliens in â€Å"Slow Life† as both are the main participants in the story. The story initiates by explaining the travel of the new found life through the methane cloud, until it falls on the highlands into the hands of Lizzie: â€Å"It was however, falling towards the equatorial highlands, where mountains of ice rose a towering five hundred meters into the atmosphere† (p.162). On its travel towards the highland it is captured by Lizzie in a carry bag thinking it as a habitat of potential alien life form. In this story, a group of astronauts set out to explore the chances of finding life on Saturn’s moon called Titan. The story â€Å"Slow Life† is a 2002 science fiction which describes the experience of Lizzie O’Brian on Saturn’s Moon called Titan. She is one of the team members who visit Titan for the first time. She believes she is collecting a raindrop in a carry bag which has alien properties. When she lands on Titan as a part of NAFTAS space expedition, she attempts to study the orange atmosphere of the Titan and its icy landscape .Soon she realizes she can discover a habitat in the Titan for her rain droplet with alien properties which will be a breakthrough in the scientific world. The thrilling part of the story is the relaying of Lizzie’s voice on to the team members with the assistance of Voice Web. Lizzie is trying to find some material from Titan which can be combined with the raindrop to form an alien life form. She is stating about the nature of the alien as: â€Å"It will have to be slow life, Lizzie said thoughtfully, something vegetative, vaster than empires and more slow. It would

Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer Dissertation

Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty an application on the banking sector - Dissertation Example With the aim to evaluate the impact of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, three objectives were set in Chapter I. Based on a qualitative approach, only secondary data has been used for this study. With customer loyalty as the dependent variable, three independent variables – perceived value, service quality and customer experience have been considered in this study. The study finds that certain dimensions of service quality directly impact customer loyalty - reliability, empathy, responsiveness and assurance. Staff training is thus of importance in delivering quality training to evoke such feelings in customers. In the service economy the relationship between service quality and customer experience has gained immense importance. Customers base their future decisions on the ‘moment of truth’ and hence staging and designing an experience has become an important tool to gain competitive advantage in the banking sector. Banks need to unders tand individual customer needs and personalize service. Perceived value enhances customer satisfaction and this leads to enhanced customer loyalty. Customers evaluate the benefits they receive against the costs they pay for such services. Thus Perceived value in the banking sector independently impacts customer satisfaction leading to customer loyalty. ... 1.4 Conceptual framework 4 1.5 Structure of the Study 6 1.6 Scope of the Study 6 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 7 2.2 Definitions 2.2.1 Service Quality 7 2.2.2 Customer Satisfaction and Customer Experience 8 2.2.3 Customer-perceived Value 9 2.2.4 Customer Loyalty 10 2.3 Dimensions and perceptions of service quality 2.3.1 Dimensions of Service Quality 10 2.3.2 The Gap Model 11 2.3.3 Perceptions of Service Quality 12 2.3.4 Summary 15 2.4 Service Quality and Customer Loyalty 16 2.5 Service Quality and Customer Experience 19 2.6 Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty 22 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 23 3.2 Research Design 23 3.3 Research Methodology 23 3.4 Choice of Method 24 3.5 Data Collection 25 3.6 Sources of data 25 3.7 Justification for Literature Review 25 3.8 Data Analysis 26 3.9 Ethical Concerns 26 Chapter IV Findings and Discussion 4.1 The Banking Industry 27 4.2 Service Quality and Customer Loyalty 27 4.3 Service Qual ity and Customer Experience 29 4.4 Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty 31 4.5 Discussion 33 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusion 36 5.2 Recommendations to enhance customer loyalty 37 5.3 Limitations of the Study 37 5.4 Recommendations for further research 37 5.5 Personal Reflections 39 References 40 Figures Figure I Framework for the Study 5 Figure II Customer Experience and Service Quality 30 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background In an intensely competitive business environment, sustainable competitive advantage has become imperative. The service industry has been forced to create new ways of finding competitive advantage (Chen & Hu, 2012). Retaining customers is considered to be more important than creating new customers. Retaining existing

(Can the writer help me decide) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

(Can the writer help me decide) - Essay Example ls of counterinsurgency in two articles, â€Å"The New (and Old) Classics of Counterinsurgency† and â€Å"Scholar, Pope, Soldier, Spy.† She depicts the idea of counterinsurgency that militarizes â€Å"social work† in other countries. Counterinsurgency is â€Å"armed social work† that merges military and media-rich storytelling that can undermine nationalist endeavors and control women and other local sectors through specific social and economic programs and projects and America-as-savior media narrative. Counterinsurgency is â€Å"armed social work† because it has the usual armed component that employs brutal strategies and tactics against local guerillas (Khalili â€Å"The New†16). Khalili narrates that counterinsurgency has its roots in colonization. She explains that many people naturally oppose foreign forces that intend to control their local political, social, and economic systems, and when this happens, one of the past counterinsurgent strategy is â€Å"butcher-and-bolt† (Khalili â€Å"Scholar† 427). It pertains to the swift and violent destroying of villages, crops, and livestock for the â€Å"infractions† of the locals, such as leading revolts or supporting insurgents (Khalili â€Å"Scholar† 427). Though not directly illustrated, this strategy is common in the counterinsurgency against Native Americans, whose lands were burned and whose people were nearly decimated. The â€Å"race† factor is clear because those who were not w hites were easily slaughtered, while their lands and remaining human and natural resources were taken away. Counterinsurgency, nevertheless, is more â€Å"social work† than armed warfare because the military and related personnel are trained to influence the hearts and minds of the local people, especially women and other marginalized sectors, through social programs and the media. By social work, this includes outright colonial administration. General David Petraeus acted as a colonial administrator in Mosul, Iraq, where he rebuilt some of the

Acme Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acme - Coursework Example In the plan, they will be required to establish the breakdown of the available financial resources. The planners will also be required to establish the number of workers required for each category. They will also determine the order in which the activities of the project will be undertaken in order to deliver the project within the specified time. Obtaining the necessary legal documents- the legal department should ensure that they obtain the necessary legal documents to allow the project to proceed. This is importance to ensure that the project does not become a white elephant. The department should also ensure that it provides the authorities with all the required information and documents. Construction- this includes laying the foundation, construction of walls, floors and the roof of the structures i.e. the garage and the store. The constructor should pave and landscape. Installation of electrical appliances and plumbing should be covered at this stage. The construction should adhere to the rules and practices of Mexicans. They should also bear in mind the company’s policy on building. Hiring and training- at this point, the HR department, should recruit the all the required employees for the store. The department should also ensure that a successful training program is undertaken for those who are successful in the recruitment stage. These processes must be conducted in line with the company’s policy on both recruitment and training. Inventory- after successful completion of the buildings and training program the company should stock the store awaiting its opening. The inventory shall be arranged in accordance to the company’s practice. Given the average size of the company’s store, the company will invest financial resources to the tune of seventeen million dollars to undertake all the above activities. However, this amount of money does not cover the cost of the inventory but covers the cost of labor employed during the process. About

Harvard case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harvard - Case Study Example The Beijing EAP Inc. is a company that provided EAPs to many customers. The nature of its operations required the employees to have strong academic backgrounds that qualified them to operate in this multinational service company. Being the largest market holder in the Mainland China, the Company had a huge customer base that categorized it as a big corporation. Amongst some customers of BEC were IBM, Siemens, Samsung, Lenovo, Guadong Mobile, and the China Development Bank. Consequently, the Company had many projects that prompted the management to subdivide the projects to different segment managers2. In this case, for instance, Mr. Yang represents a training department manager having a communicational breakdown with Ms. Song, a project manager, based on the confusion of the roles each one was to perform. In some cases, the tension escalated to a point where the employees did not know who to approach concerning the progress of projects. Both being project managers at the BEC, the two senior employees had no idea of the organizational structure. Both the employees had no clear identity of the functions that were under their jurisdiction3. This problem faces many large corporations, therefore making it difficult to execute their project as required. However, it is important to outline the authorities, responsibilities, and restrictions of the project managers. This goes a long way in ensuring that similar communicational breakdowns are avoided in the future for corporations. The major challenge that the BEC had was the lack of communication. When Mr. Yang and Ms. Song got onto the project, they assumed to understand their duties. In difficult situations, each failed to consult the other to comprehend the magnitude of the problem. As a result, the two employees endured poor working relationships. Existence of hierarchy in the management of projects was another problem that

Counseling African Americans Essay Example for Free

Counseling African Americans Essay Sue and Sue’s Chapter 14 Counseling African Americans spends a great deal of effort exploring cultural particulars and corresponding clinical implications while working with African Americans; factors such as family dynamics, educational orientation, spirituality, and the pressures and stress of racism and marginalization. This offered me perspective through a lens much broader than my own somewhat narrow, predominantly white, and fairly privileged way of relating to the world. Before understanding culturally appropriate interventions, one must have an understanding of the cultural context or the cultural word of an individual. For me, this first means that differences must be noted, either literally in relationship with the African American client or simply as a clinical observation I make on my own. Of course the difference in the two will depend on the client, context, and general relevancy in the moment. In my own experience, noting racial difference aloud with a client has been most helpful in that it gives permission for the potentially â€Å"taboo† topic of race and differences to be considered, brought into the space at a later time, and even into the forefront of consciousness. Apart from the explicit therapeutic relationship, noting difference is a personal reminder that I am no expert on anyone’s experience but my own, I may make mistakes (and probably will), I should steer clear of assumptions, it’s ok to be curious, and to do my homework. Once a general understanding of differences is established, then one can begin to consider appropriate therapeutic interventions. Let’s take the issue of racism and discrimination; the byproduct of these atrocities oftentimes manifests as defense and survival mechanisms in Black Americans. Which can lead to a general mistrust or as it’s stated (by Sue and Sue) a â€Å"healthy cultural paranoia†, as a way of coping. This mistrust can be of individuals, entire races of people, the government, social service providers†¦ With this in mind, it’s important to determine what the client’s feelings and understandings about therapy are. To touch base and explain what kind of therapy I engage in, how it can be helpful to them, and what can be expected of our time together. Hopefully this will help to assuage uneasy feelings of fear of the unknown or mistrust, as well as set up a foundation for a healthy therapeutic alliance. Although Sue and Sue’s Afrocentric perspective can be helpful it can also simultaneously be viewed as reductive. It’s important not to discount individual differences by universalizing traits of African Americans. Self cannot be defined as a unitary concept evolving from a single defining variable, such as race or gender (Williams, 1999). For instance, not all women are nurturing, caring, and relational. Similarly, not all African Americans possess an African ethos of communalism or spirituality. Race, class, sexual orientation, and gender are all complex interactive components that make up the self. To approach a client through the lens of only one of these variables, means potentially silencing a central component of their identity. Additionally, it is also necessary to consider an internal state without regard to the social demands of each variable. Collectively, these considerations can aide to a more holistic view when working with African American clients. Part Two After spending a year in practicum at the SF county jail, I feel as though I’ve had a fairly decent introduction to working with African American females. When I began practicum I had had very little training in diversity or cross-cultural counseling. Turns out that a year in the jail was one large training in diversity and cross-cultural counseling! Now I’m able to pin my personal experience against the readings and gauge my success as a culturally competent therapist. When assessing my strengths, I find that I possess a keen and tremendously empathic understanding of how the stress of racism, sexism, and oppression can manifest in African American women. Oftentimes the byproduct of this stress is what brings the individual to jail. As a clinician, I can confidently say that I am able to enter the therapeutic relationship with a greater capacity for empathy because of this understanding and build a strong alliance as an ally as well as a therapist. I’m not afraid to make mistakes and have no attachment to being â€Å"right†; these qualities will only support me as a clinician. In addition, my upfront demeanor and willingness to self-disclose have had a remarkable impact on the therapeutic relationship. My empathy is strongly with women and their plight of identifying and addressing all the â€Å"isms† that stand between them and equality, wholeness, and health. Frequently, those â€Å"isms† are at the hands of men and I certainly have a bias towards this, and towards men in general. It’s no accident that I spent an entire year of practicum working solely with women; although it wasn’t a conscious choice, I believe on some level I chose not to work with men. I have incredible biases towards men as perpetrators and oppressors and men and their privilege, African American men as well as Caucasian. These biases keep me terrified at the thought of working with male clients. I imagine heaps and heaps of countertransference between male clients and myself; countertransference that is full of pain and rage. I’m not sure that I have much to offer men inside the therapeutic space. I don’t believe this to be my â€Å"final answer†, I just know that I have some work to do around my relationship with men before I make the leap of working with them in such sacred space. Essentially, it all comes down to two core qualities- and they are humility and flexibility; humility in all that I think I know and the flexibility to shift or discard that knowledge. My experience of working with, knowing, and reading about African American culture, difference, and oppression may or may not serve me as a therapist at any given moment. What works for and makes sense in the context of Client A, may not be so for Client B, and vise versa. Although it is crucial to have fundamental knowledge of the legacy of oppression against African American people and to consider factors such as interdependence, collectivism, and emotional vitality as presumed long- standing black personality traits, I must also be able to draw connections between those factors and the individual experience- much like the womanist techniques mentioned in Carmen Braun Williams’ article African American Women, Afrocentrism and Feminism: Implications for Therapy. As a therapist, I am responsible for guiding and supporting the client in making the shift from object to subject; transferring ownership of self from one whose self is externally determined to one who is self- determining (Freire, 1990). And practice practice practice, with an open heart, ears, and mind. References Braun Williams, C. (1999). African American women, afrocentrism and feminism: Implications for therapy. Women Therapy, Vol. 22(4) 1999. Freire, P. (1990). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum. Sue, D. Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice, Chapter 14.

Environmental analysis Essay Example for Free

Environmental analysis Essay Rivalry Competition in the US video rental industry is fierce. There are actually several different segments of players within the industry, like rentals who establish physical store locations and rentals who serve mail-orders, but these different segments are competing to gain the same market share. Blockbuster reveled that the business actually has a small profit margin, due to the high cost of building and equipment maintenance. Furthermore, the movie rental industry has a stagnant market condition, or in simple words, the market does not reveal any meaningful growth within the years. This means the only way to grow is by taking away a piece of competitors’ market share. Thus, competition is s serious issue for Blockbuster because in one hand, the company cannot afford to loose more market share due to its minimum profit margin, and in the other hand, Blockbuster would also need to experience some kind of revenue growth. Ironically, competitors of Blockbuster also possess the same obsession. As a result, price war is the only way to determine which player would lead the market. Unfortunately, most of the players in the industry has already sustain heavy operational and maintenance that they cannot afford to reduce rental prices. In addition, most of these players have also minimum promotion budget because of the small profit margin. Today, competition industry enters a stage where all the players are stagnant in most of its departments (Brem, 2002). Not all movie rental industry can survive in a long term, especially if the industry is online. With the recent tightening in the market, some executive and investor are challenging Blockbuster.com to show some results: higher revenues, more customers, perhaps even a profit. This is should become tough news for Blockbuster. com who have spent most of their money on expensive advertisements, PR campaigns, or websites that look attractive. The full integration of Blockbuster. com online and in-store programs planned for next year will enable them to provide their customers, young and old, with unmatched convenience, service, selection and value. If a customer is in their store and wants to return a movie they rented online, Blockbuster.com will be able to accommodate them. If a member rents primarily in-store, but wants a hard-to-find title Blockbuster. com does not typically carry in store, they will be able to go online and get it. It is a matter of maximizing convenience and choice (â€Å"About Blockbuster. com†, 2006). Blockbuster has not been watching these developments lazily. It has launched its own online rental service in response to the competition, despite the set-up costs and the fact that it could take revenue away from its retail operation. It has also introduced a number of initiatives, such as a part-exchange deal on VHS tapes, and is currently exploring offering an in-store download service. †¢ Buyer Power Due to the stagnant market and the need for huge economies of scale to reach profit, buyers of the video rental industry has quite an influential power. In a nutshell, by choosing to go to which rentals, buyers will determine which one will reach profit within the financial period and which one will fall below targets. The increasing use of Internet becomes the power of buyers that soon force Blockbuster to provide online services. To change itself from a zone of movie rental store into an â€Å"anywhere-anytime† entertainment destination that eventually will enable customers to rent, buy or trade movies and games, new or used, in-store and online, Blockbuster initiatives to continues their accomplishment as the online rental service company (â€Å"Blockbuster goes broadband, streams movies to TV†, 2001). Blockbuster. com becomes the business through information technology (I. T. ) marketing. Because of the online marketing Blockbuster can live and breathe. They can get more competitive, lower their costs, and provide better service through continuous improvement of the I. T. marketing (â€Å"BBI: Profile for BLOCKBUSTER INC. †, 2006). However, as online retail, marketing efforts of Blockbuster. com could be even more effective if they asked the consumer for a dash of personal information. So far, businesses were hoping that personalization technology would serve as the equivalent of a best friend who just happened to have all the same tastes in products and services. More consumers are choosing to rent online, which has no late fees and have the movies mailed to them. It makes Blockbuster. com has increased their membership (â€Å"Blockbuster goes broadband, streams movies to TV†, 2001). The only way for movie-rental stores to continue operations is to rise to the challenge and shift their business model to stay practical. To develop a substantial share of the online rental business by the end of next year, Blockbuster. com is providing rental plan and their practical understanding marketing. It should help Blockbuster. com to be more successful in the next period. Movie distributors and the large chains, such as Blockbuster, Inc.directly negotiate revenue-sharing agreements covering most titles distributed by the upstream (â€Å"BBI: Profile for BLOCKBUSTER INC. †, 2006). Personalization and community features are very important. Blockbuster. com should allow film fans to rate films and write reviews to help inform other users. In addition, Blockbuster. com need to have a management team with bags of expertise, which they believe differentiates us from the competition. †¢ Supplier Power Suppliers of the industry generally have little power over the Blockbuster. The prices of inputs are nearly identical for most suppliers and there is no price discrimination because of the widely available substitutes. †¢ Threats of Substitutes The video rental industry is actually facing quite significant threats from various substitutes. Examples of substitutes are: pay-per-view, video-on-demand, streaming on-line videos, etc. All of these alternatives are delivering the same product in a quite similar quality, which means that they contribute notably to the tension within the video rental industry (‘Videotape Rental’, 2004). Barriers of EntryAnalysis of the industry indicated that Blockbuster is actually enjoying significant level of entry barriers. First, as mentioned earlier, the industry generally has a small profit margin, which means that a huge economic of scale is required to create a profitable business. This is caused by the high operational and maintenance costs, profit sharing agreement with studios, etc. Second, Blockbuster enjoyed a positive image due to its long-time presence and its popularity within the US market. Both of these factors ensured the triumph of Blockbuster against any newcomer. Most of these conditions however, are now becoming obsolete. This is true partly due to the presence of internet. As internet shopping becomes more popular, mail-order rentals like Netflix gain notable attention from the market. In addition, Blockbuster made the mistake of not providing enough copies of popular and recent movies, which ultimately get customers to think of going to alternative rentals. Another factor that reduces the entry barrier is the popularity of DCDs over the old VHS which no longer require negotiating revenue gain agreements with studios (Brem, 2002; Wagner, 2003).

Nat Traversal For Video Streaming Applications Information Technology Essay

Nat Traversal For Video Streaming Applications Information Technology Essay Video streaming is considering one of the famous technologies which is used today. It provides the ability to playback video files remotely through computer networks. The demand for this technology is rapidly increasing due to wide spread of Internet and increasing of the network bandwidth[1] While HTTP protocol uses one TCP port at the transport layer, RTP can use many ports. RTP can use UDPs or TCPs ports at the transport layer depending on how much the packet path is suffered from packet loss [2]. In low packets loss environment, the use of RTP over UDP protocol is preferable, since in media streaming, the small ratio of packets loss better than packets delay. Hence, the higher reliability of the TCP is not desired[3]. UDP/RTP has also the multicasting feature and has the ability to deal with real time communication due to its features in bandwidth, jitter, reliability and end nodes processing. RTP/TCP can cause the video streaming to suffer from discontinuity because the need to retransmission and reordering the packets, whereas RTP/UDP can suffer from dropping the packets by some filters (firewalls) in the Internet Service Provider (ISPs). Some ISPs drop UDP packets because they are connectionless hence unfair against TCP traffic. They also need high processing power and memory to ensure security [4]. But the main issue that can occur is when using the RTP with the Network Address Translation (NAT). NAT drops any RTP/UDP or RTP/TCP packets that are initialized from the outside (Internet) when incoming to the end-systems (behind the NAT). The NAT is a technology that permits many computers on the same network to share a public Internet Protocol (IP) address for accessing the Internet. The main reason behind the wide spread of using the NAT is the limited number of the available IPv4 addresses [5]. The use of RTP/UDP or RTP/TCP video streaming is started with a TCP connection that is established by a request from the client to the server, after initial negotiation using the RTSP protocol on the same established TCP channel, the server starts video streaming through UDP or TCP ports initialized from the server not through the original RTSP/TCP channel [2]. The NAT permits to pass the outgoing connections requests from a host behind the NAT into the outside network (like Internet) [6], however it does not permit to pass any connection request from the outside network (like Internet) to any host behind the NAT [7]. This is because the translation table entry is constructed only when a client (behind the NAT) initializes a request to connect to a host on the outside network (Internet) [8], [9]. If the initialized request came from a host on the outside network of the NAT into the inside network, the NAT cannot identify the destination host for this request and the connection between the outside host and the inside one cannot be occur [8], [10]. Regarding to the RTP/UDP video streaming, the NAT will not allow the UDP video streaming channels to pass to the client behind the NAT, since the RTP/UDP channels are initially established from the server (on the Internet). Considering the RTP weakness points, the HTTP protocol, is the preferable choice for video streaming. However, HTTP protocol also has known weakness points: the user can suffer from quality reduction and playback discontinuity due to the probing behaviour of TCP protocol. This can also cause an oscillating throughput and slow recovery of the packet rate. In contrast, the UDP protocol provides a mean to keep the desired sending rate constant. It also keeps streaming smooth and eliminates the TCP related processing. This paper presents a novel method to utilize the benefits of both TCP and UDP. The proposed method enables NAT traversal by converting each RTP/UDP and RTCP/UDP packet into fake TCP packet just before being sent (at data link layer) by adding a fabricated TCP header before each UDP video streaming packet and making the necessary modifications to the length and checksums fields. These fabricated TCP packets will pass the NAT, since they will be transmitted on the channel (IP, TCP port) that firstly initialized (RTSP/TCP channel) by the client behind the NAT. In this paper, this channel is called the active channel. The receiver, on the other side has to restore the original UDP packet before being processed by the corresponding transport layer. The restoration is based on a specific signature. In order to restore the packets, every fabricated TCP packet has to have a known signature. Depending on that signature, the receiver will restore the original packet. All of the previous changes are performed at the data link layer. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: section II, looks at some related work. In section III, the proposed methodology and algorithm are presented. In section IV, the experiments of the implemented proposed method and its discussions are described. In section V, the evaluation of the proposed method and comparisons between the proposed method and the existing technologies are presented. The paper is concluded is section VI. Related work Limited to our knowledge, no many similar works are presented. However, [4] present a method to overcome the RTP/UDP issues by putting a proxy server between the client and the streaming server (at the global network). The proxy receives a HTTP request (TCP) from the client and translates it to a RTSP/RTP request to the server (TCP+UDP). The proxy has two different connections (one for the client and the other for the streaming serve). The main function of the proxy is to translate the HTTP streaming protocol into RTSP/RTP streaming protocol. This can overcome the NAT problem due to that the HTTP request (TCP) is initialized by the client and the reply will pass through the same TCP port. However a third device is needed. In addition it is still using the constraints of the TCP between the proxy and the client (e.g. retransmission and reordering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc) (in addition to the increase of traffic to the network). Another issue is that there are too many operations in order to convert a complete application protocol into another one. Beside, this method loses the real time property that is needed for end to end communication because all the packets mush be forwarded at the proxy server. Proposed Methodology In this work, both the client and the server are assumed to convert all the RTP/UDP streaming packets into fabricated TCP packets that can be sent to the other side using the active channel. This fabrication process which is implemented for Windows Operating System (OS) requires a full control of the incoming/outgoing packets. However, there is the issue of source code of the TCP/IP (non open source for Windows OS) is not readily accessible and Windows does not allow the manipulation of the packets in any TCP/IP protocol suite from level above the TCP/IP driver layer. To overcome the inaccessibility issue, a hooking technique is used in order to control the (frame/packet) at the point that links between the protocol driver and the NIC card(s), which is represented by the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS). Hooking is a technique that can convert the calling of one operating system function into a new one that in turn calls the original one. The new function can do extra job before moving the execution to the original. This can be done without the need for the source code of the original [11]. The proposed modules is implemented and run in windows user mode. When the module can hook the NDIS, it can monitor, control, add, and modify the NDIS incoming/outgoing packets easily. The NDIS-Hooking driver inserts itself between TCP/IP and all of the adapters that bind with it as shown in figure (1). Figure 1. NDIS hooking driver with relation to user mode When TCP/IP sends a packet, it reaches the NDIS-Hooking driver (as a frame) before sending to the adapter. Likewise, packets that are to be indicated (received) on TCP/IP will go to the NDIS-Hooking driver first. The fabricated TCP header is inserted/deleted in the data link frame, this means that the original RTP/UDP protocol is used without modification. Nonetheless the fabricated packets can still bypass the NAT as authenticated ones. Figure 2. Proposed frame structure As these extra bytes (fabricated TCP header) will add when the packet is in the data link layer, this may cause the packet to exceed the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the network. Since, no packet must exceed the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the network [12], [13], therefore, the senders MTU must be decreased by length of the fabricated TCP header length (20 bytes). The whole proposed system is composed of two main modules. The first module resides on the streaming client while the second resides on the streaming server. Figure (3) shows the video streaming network topology. Figure 3. Video streaming network topology Each module consists of the following components: A component (hooking function in Fig. 1) that makes the access to the frame at the data link layer. This component accesses the frames in data link layer which is in the kernel mode and moves it into the user mode and vice versa. A component that finds the required frame based on its content. This component extracts the specified packets from the frames which have to be changed (fabricated/restored) depending on sending direction (income/outcome). A component that makes the required modifications (fabricating/restoring) to the predetermined packets. This component changes the predetermined packets depending the sending direction (send/receive). In sending, the component changes the RTP/UDP packet into fabricated TCP packet. In receiving, the component restores the fabricated TCP packet into its original RTP/UDP content. This component also re-computes length and checksums. Client Side Module As mentioned earlier, the module has to access the kernel (at data link layer). This is done by accessing the NDIS driver. The module listens until a packet event has occurred. There are two possible scenarios: Incoming packet: If the packet is coming from the streaming server, then the program will look for the TCP that contains an RTSP packet. If this RTSP packet contains both the clients and servers streaming ports, then record this connections information into an array. This is happened normally at the setup phase of the RTSP connection. Later (when the RTP packet used), the client will check every TCP packet if it contains a specified signature. If this signature is raised (in the TCP header), this mean that this TCP packet is fabricated and it contains the original RTP/UDP packet. The program will remove the TCP header and recomputed the UDP and IP checksums. All these steps are done before sending the packet to the rest of TCP/IP protocol stack Outgoing packet: If the packet is outgoing to the streaming server and the outgoing packet was a RTP/UDP packet, then insert a new fabricated TCP header before the UDP header. This fabricated TCP header contains the TCP connection information taken from the appropriate record from an array containing all streaming connections details. This TCP header also contains a specified signature that has to been recognized from the streaming server in order to return the packet back to its original RTP/UDP packet. This operation also needs to recompute the checksums. All these steps are done before sending the packet to the adapter. Figure 4 shows the flowchart of client side module. Figure 4. Flowchart of the client side module Server Side Module In server side module, steps similar to the client are also implemented. The difference is that the system gets the RTSP connections details from the outgoing TCP packet instead of incoming TCP packet in the client. Figure (5) shows the flowchart of the main steps of the server module. Figure 5. Flowchart of the server side module Experiments and discussions Experiments Setup In this experiment, we use three PCs running windows XP. Two PCs with one LAN card (client and the server). The other PC (working as a NAT) contains two LAN cards. RedMug streaming server commercial software is used on the server site. The VLC media player (version 1.0.5) is used on the client side. The VLC media player is set to use the RTSP protocol by giving a URL of one movie on the streaming server. The proposed method (client and server modules) is implemented in VC++.Net Framework and it is running in windows OS environment in user mode. A windows device driver (Windows Packet Filter Kit winpkfilter 3.0 from NT Kernel Resources, http://www.ntkernel.com) is used for the hooking purpose. Experimental Results and Discussion In the first experiment (before using the proposed method), the client tries to access the movie on the streaming server using the above system configuration. The connections establishment and the video streaming negotiations between the client and the server are established normally. However, the connection fails at the stage of data streaming transformation (see Fig. 6). Figure 6. Connection breakdown when data streaming transforming began (server side) The reason for the success of the initialization of the client-server connection and all the negotiations needed to transfer the video streaming are that the connection request is a TCP and the initialization is coming from the client (behind the NAT) and the video streaming negotiations are done by the RTSP that uses the active channel. However, the client could not receive the video streaming data since the NAT dropped the RTP/UDP video streaming packets. The client then sends a teardown command to inform the server that the negotiation is over. The client starts one additional negotiation tries before it close the connection. In the second experiment, we used the proposed clients and server modules. After running, the two modules start monitoring the data link frames. The client monitors the outgoing streaming request while the server monitors the incoming streaming request. When the client request a video streaming from the server, The connections establishment and the video streaming negotiations between the client and the server are established normally and the client starts to display the video streaming data as shown if figure (7A and 7B). FEATURE HTTP RTP/TCP RTP/UDP PROPOSED METHOD Directional Bidirectional Bidirectional Uniary Uniary Playback hiccups Yes Yes No No Quality Reductions Yes Yes No No Oscillating throughput Yes Yes No No Slow recovery Yes Yes No No ISP firewall Traverse Traverse Blocked Traverse NAT traversal Yes No No Yes End-to-End Delay Long Long Short Short Window buffer and reordering Yes Yes No No Streaming method Downloading or progressive Streaming Streaming Streaming Figure 7A. Connection still active when the data streaming are transforming (server side) Figure 8B. Video streaming is displayed in the client (behind the NAT) When negotiation is captured, the host records the connection details: IP, TCP port and the streaming UDP ports. The host will insert the fabricated TCP header (after the UDP header) in the video streaming packet before sending it. The reason for the success of transforming the streaming data is that the sending host converts each streaming UDP packet into a fabricated TCP packet that bypasses the NAT because it uses the active channel. The receiving host in turn restores the fabricated TCP packet into the UDP streaming data at the data link layer before sending it to the upper layer. Evaluation A comparison between our proposed method and the existing technologies is presented in Table 1. The proposed method has several advantages over the existing technologies, although the new packet size is 20 bytes larger than the normal RTP/UDP packet, but less compared with the HTTP. This has a little impact on the network performance. The proposed method can traverse the video streaming over all types of NAT. It can also traverse the firewall that blocks the UDP ports that RTP may use, common with home Internet gateway. Streaming might fail at times even if the gateway has a built-in RTSP NAT. Reference [4] utilizes the two streaming protocols separately by using a third device (proxy) between the client and server (every side with whole streaming protocol advantages and disadvantages), the proposed method utilizes the benefits of the RTP and HTTP protocols without using any extra device. Table I. CURRENT AND PROPOSED METHOD COMPARISON Conclusion The two main transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP can be used in streaming but with the whole advantages and disadvantages of using that protocol. In this paper, a new method is presented and implemented that can merge some advantages of both protocols. It enables the client and server to use UDP advantages in each side for streaming. Both client and server gains scalability by not having to deal with some TCP processing feature (e.g. Acknowledgement and window buffering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc). In the other hand, utilize the benefit of the TCP advantages to traverse the NAT and the firewall. In other words, the stream is not discarded and traverses the NAT and the firewall. The experimental results show that the new method achieves the firewall traversal and Nat traversal even with the most difficult NAT (symmetric NAT).

Freud And The Unconscious Essay -- essays research papers

Freud was particularly interested in the psychoanalytic school of thought and the founder of psychoanalysis. He believed that our unconscious minds are responsible for many of our behaviors. According to Freud, he thought that there was a significant relationship between slips of the tongue and what we are actually thinking. Today these are called Freudian slips. Similarly he believed that we get information, like our fears and wishes, out by just merely saying what comes to mind. He was able to tell a lot about people, including their past experiences, how they were feeling, and what they wished and feared, just by simply encouraging them to speak whatever came to mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In sitting down and tape recording myself speaking about anything that came to mind, a lot of unconscious thoughts about myself were revealed. I noticed myself speaking of things that I normally wouldn’t have. For instance, I spoke of God, death, and negative things about my friends. I also said a lot of stuff that really made no sense at all. An exact piece of what I recorded myself saying was, â€Å"I don’t care. That’s just the way I am. I don’t give a shit. It’s like†¦ I don’t know. Die. Maybe God will. Yeah†¦ maybe. Ha. Butterflies. Stand on walls, do that dance. Yeah†¦ Buddy’s cool. Stop. No. Eva. Duh. She’s†¦ so fucking stupid. Ugh. Drink. Yeah right. Who cares? It’s little.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  &...

Pyramids Of Egypt :: essays research papers

The Pyramids of Egypt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pyramids of Egypt are fascinating, however, they remain to be a mystery. The well-built architecture is located in Giza, Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile River. The pyramids of Egypt are the oldest and only surviving member of ancient wonders. It is also the pride and one of the most important factors in Egyptian culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the precise age of the pyramids has long been debated, and there is little evidence to prove when the pyramids were built, some assume that they were built from about 2700 to 2500 BC. Another issue that has been long debated is who exactly built the pyramids. Some researchers find it hard to believe that the pyramids could have been built in one pharaoh’s lifetime. Herodotus is the earliest known historian of the Egyptian Pyramid Age. By his accounts, and estimated guess, more than 100,000 people worked on the pyramid; other researchers believe that it was more like 20,000 people who worked on the pyramid. Now they have to try and figure out where these 20,000 people lived. They would like to know where they lived because the researchers think that it will help them find out more about these people, where they are from, and their daily lives. Inscriptions were found on the outside of the pyramids that give an idea of what people worked on them, but the inscriptions were in no absolute detail. Skeletons that were found on the inside of the pyramid are believed to be the skeletons of workers who labored on the pyramids all year long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of all the pyramids of Egypt, the first three are held in the highest regards. This is known as the Great Pyramid. It was built for the Pharaoh Khufu. The Great Pyramid is about 450 feet tall and covers about 13 acres. The subject of this pyramid was to honor the pharaoh and show him some respect. It took about 100,000 workers and 20 years to build the pyramid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is believed that the shape of the pyramid was an important religious statement. Some scholars believe that this is true while others still debate the possibilities. We can assume that the Egyptians were trying to symbolize the slanting rays of the sun. It is also believed that the sloping sides on the pyramid were intended to help the soul of the king climb to the sky and join the gods.

Jealousy and Love in The Lady, or the Tiger? by Frank R. Stockton Essay

Jealousy and Love in The Lady, or the Tiger? by Frank R. Stockton Women will do almost anything for love, to be loved, or to keep love. That is their mission. When women become jealous, however, the love they want to hold onto disappears, becomes selfishness, and one does not know if it is love anymore. In the short story â€Å"The Lady, or the Tiger?† written by Frank R. Stockton, a semi barbaric princess motions which door her lover, the accused man, must open to either receive punishment or a reward. The punishment is to be devoured by a fierce tiger and the reward is to be married to a lovely damsel of the court. This semi barbaric princess loves the man and chooses which door the man deserves to open. Like many women in love, this princess would not dare to let another woman take her lover away from her. Instead, jealousy takes over and the door that opens will emerge a tiger because she will go berserk to see her man happy with another woman, and will prefer to have him eaten by a tiger and await the princess herself on a heavenly earth. According to Frank R. Stockton, he states, â€Å"How in her grievous reveries has she gnashed her teeth and torn her hair, when she saw his start of rapturous delight as he opened the door of the lady† (150). Obviously, this describes her frenzied actions as the lovely damsel appears at the door on the right. If she leads her lover to the door with the damsel behind it, this princess will be green with envy to see him happily marrie...

Food Cart Businesses Management Practices Essay

A. Environment * Linis Ofis Program Translated as â€Å"clean office†, this internal program is an integrated approach to solid waste management in support of the Philippine Government’s Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003). It deals with waste segregation by instilling in SMC employees the 4R discipline – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover. It aims to educate its workers to value their environment by practicing segregation, collection, reuse and recycling of disposable waste in the workplace. SMC’s Head Office Complex located in the Ortigas Center hub provided three waste receptacles placed in strategic spots for food scraps or compostable waste, recyclable items (such as plastic bottles and aluminum cans), and nonrecyclable items or disposable waste (such as plastic and tetra-pak containers). This is also being implemented in SMC’s other facilities nationwide. A separate chest of drawers is provided in each department for solid waste with market value, such as used bond p aper, magazines, newspapers and empty ink cartridges. The program generated P26,000 from the sale of recyclable materials on its first month, and an average of P12,000 per month. It has also helped in reducing the amount of solid waste, which normally finds its way to landfills and dumpsites, and easing up on manpower in the collection of waste. * Task Force Hangin Task Force Hangin is responsible for helping plants comply with the Clean Air Act. The word â€Å"hangin† means â€Å"air†. The Task Force is composed of representatives from CTS-EMG, CTS-Engineering, Corporate Planning and Development, and Corporate Purchasing Unit. It is tasked to pinpoint the best available fuel and control technology for the plants’ fuel burning equipment. It conducted numerous studies and came up with recommendations to utilize low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) and scrubbers as the most effi cient options for solving the problem, and maintain the level of sulfur content in its fuel to about 0.7%S. It also studied the range of fuel cost that determines when LSFO fuel is advantageous to use versus scrubbers, and when a plant needs to shift from LSFO to scrubbers. The study enabled the Task Force to guide the plants in their compliance efforts. All SMC-owned plants are expected to institute the necessary actions congruent with the Clean Air Act. The u se of electric heaters at the Mandaue Glass Plant’s furnace reduced the consumption of bunker fuel oil and the generation of combustion flue gas. B. Human Resources * Benefits Program Employee Protection – Employees are entitled to sick leave benefi ts that will provide fi nancial security even if they have lost the ability to earn in times of sickness or injury. Time Off With Pay – Employees are also entitled to leave benefi ts that will allow for the continuity of their wage earnings even if they are on vacation or have to attend to emergency matters requiring their presence. Health Care – The Corporation provides a comprehensive medical program for employees and their dependents to protect them against the financial burden that comes with illness or injury. Flexible Loan Facilities – The Corporation offers an interestfree loan facility that is tailored to address the various fi nancial needs of the employees. Its fl exibility lies in the loan purpose, amount, and guidelines. Educational Program – This helps meet the fi nancial requirements of employees who desire to pursue further studies. It includes loan facilities for the educational needs of employees’ dependents. Rice and Clothing Allowances – The Corporation provides a monthly sack of rice to each rank-and-fi le employee. Employees also receive a clothing allowance for their proper work attire. Insurance and Death Benefits – Financial assistance is extended to the bereaved family to help defray expenses incurred as a result of the demise of the employee or an immediate family member of an employee. * Employee Relations Sports and Recreation – The program aims to nurture camaraderie and unity among the employees through various sports activities, such as basketball, bowling, aerobics, street dancing, gym workout sessions, volleyball, etc. The Corporation tries to meet the employees’ varied sports preferences. There are also interest clubs being formed for enthusiasts of golf, running, taekwondo, etc. Summer Outing – The Corporation provides a yearly venue for employees and management of each division to interact with one another’s families in an informal environment marked by fun and games. Songfest – This is an annual nationwide search for employees who have exceptional talent for singing, a common trait among Filipinos. Employee Service Awards – The annual recognition program honors employees for their years of service to the Corporation. Baratillo – The monthly event allows employees to purchase various San Miguel products at discounted prices. The venue is the Head Office Complex, and employees from other SMC units and offices come to take advantage of the reasonable offers. Christmas Tiangge – Employees are given the opportunity to develop their entrepreneurial spirit by selling various products during the two-day event. It is held regularly at the Head Office Complex in November before the onset of the Christmas season to allow employees and their families and friends to purchase their Christmas presents early. C. Customer Relations, Productivity and Quality * Customer Care Center By setting up this Center, SMC re-affirms its responsibility to its customers. Advancements in information technology make it possible for the Corporation to establish a more personal communication link with its customers. The integrated SMC Customer Care Center provides alternative channels for easy access and fast response to varying types of customer needs and requests. The Center supports SMC’s businesses in strengthening customer relations, and indirectly market share as well. It is manned by a professional staff using superior technology and employing innovative solutions to ensure customer satisfaction and capture product loyalty. Walk-in customers who may prefer face-to-face interaction feel welcome amidst the Center’s warm atmosphere. The Center’s call handling services take care of both inbound and outbound calls, providing information on the quality, pricing, distribution and availability of a product or service, while operating as a call center. It also handles order taking, telemarketing, sales campaign, promotion of new products, and customer satisfaction surveys. Electronic customer linkages come through e-mail, faxes and SMS (short message services). The Center’s integrated setup makes it easy for SMC’s operating divisions to link up with it for their customer and product concerns. D. Corporate Governance * Compliance System In adherence to corporate principles and best practices, the Chairman of the Board designated a Compliance Officer reporting directly to him. As the position denotes, he is responsible for seeing to it that the organization complies with the provisions in the manual. The Board of Directors is responsible for the long-term success of the Corporation and its sustained competitiveness, consistent with its trusted role exercised in the best interest of the Corporation, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Forming working committees within the Board fosters open discussion, keeping Board members informed, and allowing them to become more sensitive to shareholders’ interests. * Disclosure System All material information are publicly disclosed. These include earning results, Board changes, and shareholdings of directors. The Corporation established an Investor Relations Unit to disseminate timely information to shareholders. SMC practices consistency, accuracy and timeliness in the delivery and communication of information and data. The Unit coordinates with the Compliance Officer and other SMC divisions in effectively communicating with stakeholders. * Monitoring and Assessment Each committee reports to the Board of Directors. The Compliance Officer established an evaluation system to determine and measure compliance against the manual’s guidelines.

Similarity and Coyote

Martinez, Jose Per. 2 9-14-12 brush wolf and the overawe and obnubilate and brush wolf and monster are some(prenominal) prankster yarns in the Native Ameri so-and-so culture. These cut-up statements do share similarities yet they do share a loss as well. The similarities between these two oilskin tales is that they explain wherefore the world is how it is, and they devote virtuouse pedagogys, but the difference in these is how coyote is portrayed in the trickster tales.One similarity that these two trickster tales brace is that they explain wherefore the world is how it is. For cause in brush wolf and the cow brush wolf kills the juvenility cow that was given to him by Buffalo prick as food, thusly he goes to Buffalo Bull to imply for another sensation, but the young cow that brush wolf had killed has returned from the dead and refuses to go with him and Buffalo Bull also denies him another single. This explains why there are no cow in the Kettle Falls on the Columbia River, all because of Coyote.In corn dab and Coyote and Whale make and Coyote go after throw offs wife who was kidnapped by Whale. After dun and Coyote delivery her, Fox cuts off Whales head and tosses it into the ocean and that is why whales dont live in the rivers and Whale could no longer require love to the wives of other men. The trickster tale also explains why Land good deal and Water people dont love each other because Fox killed Whale. Another similarity between these two trickster tales is the moral teachings.The moral teaching in Coyote and the Buffalo is to not be greedy. An example would be when Coyote killed the young cow for more food because he was tired of eating the naughty of the young cow and as a result he gets the remains of the young cow stolen and is soon left with nothing. In Fox and Coyote and Whale the moral is to be helpful and selfless. An example would be when Fox and Coyote set on a quest to rescue Foxs wife from Whale.In the e nd Fox ends up getting his wife abide because Coyote was selfless and helpful. The difference is how Coyote is portrayed in these trickster tales. In Coyote and the Buffalo Coyote stop be seen as a coward because when he his in a tree with Buffalo Bull on the ground attempt to knock the tree down and trying to kill him Coyote bargains with Buffalo Bull that if he spares his life he ordain make him new horns. However, in Fox and Coyote and Whale Coyote peck be seen as a hero.He helps his brother, Fox, rescue his wife. In the first trickster tale he is seen as someone who just helps himself unlike in the second one he is seen as someone who helps his brother. In conclusion, both of these tales are similar, but they do possess at least one difference. What they have in common can be seen in how they explain why the world is the way it is and moral teachings. They do, however, have a difference and its how the character Coyote is portrayed in each trickster tale.

American Jury System

The Court system consists of numerous levels.The court system is made up of laws, statue, and codes. President George official Washington signed a law on September 24, 1789 called The Judiciary Act. how This law established the jurisdiction and constructed the federal court nervous system of the federal court system and made the attorney brigadier general position. The Court system is made up of many laws.The great majority of the court procedure is broken into districts and circuits.Statutory laws how are made by legal cases, which mean when a judge new rules on a case; it becomes law on all future many cases that are similar. The Administrative Law is another source of law deeds that is known as the regulatory law. This law governs chorus both state and federal agencies. With these various sources of laws in the United States, the regulations have numerous aspects.

It is.The Court system is made up of one many levels. There are 3 structures of the other federal courts. The district courts, Courts of Appeals (appellate court) and Supreme Courts are made up in the federal court system. The appellate courts have no original jurisdiction.A trial by jury lowers the little likelihood of making mistakes.Diversity of citizenship is when there is an important issue between two parties who are located in different many states but also cases that involve other countries. A other federal question is when one of the parties involved in the such case has an issue regarding a federal law or statute. Courts are made to find the main purpose of their jurisdiction. Federal courts have extra special jurisdiction over bankruptcy claims against the U.

Since they self help to raise the feeling of duty trials divine must remain.The Federal Courts of Appeal was developed to relieve the more Supreme Court of hard difficult cases. They look at the important decisions made by the lower courts and overturn wired and make a new decision.The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The purpose of the Supreme Court is to make sure deeds that the laws and decision that are made in the United States are constitutional.Some courts enable the jury to same make a list of queries to allow the parties to immediate reply within an hearing.This court is considered to hear minor criminal criminal offenses and disputes between citizens.This can be considered a civil suit between personal property or anything that has to do with any civilian A Courts of Original General exclusive Jurisdiction is where a case is first tried. There is no popular appeal because the case has not retired. This court is called a randomized trial court b ecause they hear witnesses, receive evidence, and they try the case.

The Supreme Court is the maximum court in the USA.Defendants best can always have many rights. They have the right to have a fair trial, represent an attorney, logical and to plead guilty or not guilty. Defense attorneys best can assist clients throughout the trial. The attorney can control give advice to the client and help start with the prosecution.It was his case.They can also try logical and reduce your bail. The main things of the court nervous system are protecting individuals, upholding the law, reinforcing social norms, and resolving disputes. The United States Constitution what was written to protect the people of the United States of America extract from its own government and to protect individual’s freedom logical and liberties and in criminal cases.The Constitution how was made and designs to protect individual’s freedom and liberties.

Jury is the most efficient way.org/wiki/Jury_trial http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Appellate_court http://www. littletongov.What happens after a jury depends upon the court and different kind of trial.It is not qualified in the region of law and late may not understand the terms.

A jury may be used in some civil matters too.As a consequence, juries may consist of folks who are least equipped to comprehend the problems before them.From time to time, a jury cant gather enough votes.On the little flip side, some people can state juries how are illiterate.

The jury process is a system that is rather old.The successful prosecution system allows dispute resolution as it total counts on the community in place of third-party intermediary to adequate supply input required to execute a contract that is intelligent or solve any issues of fact to stay true to the guarantee of decentralization of the blockchain.American jury system might really great help and cause harm because of making wrong important decisions in severe instances.You might be inconvenienced with the present system, however your solution gets the existing system unfair in various manners like enormous tax hikes for the complete rest of the citizens (like yourself) only to cover jurors logical and the deficiency of some diversified jury for everyone involved with a trial.

A Writer’s Worst Writing Experience

When a sales soldiery sack non shell out e rattlingthing, when a basketb wholly releaseer enkindlenot savage basketball game or when a puma batchnot paint, the spank finger that any overlord drive out possess in the achievement of his or her work is the softness to head for the hills the similar, which a great deal defeats the very stub of the profession. In the same token, a generators vanquish view is the imbecility to bring out when the author has slide fastener to economise roughly. This occurs basically for both agents prototypical is when the depicted object to be scripted active has no pick and second, when the offset peculiarly fictive economisers, has no line of dream or prey to compile well-nigh.Writers keepalise big question for the paper that they prepargon. Whether a recap of link makeups or front studies conducted on the report of sake or an rendition of an existential watching or a sneak of qualitative wo nder or statistical data, create verbally documents moldiness perpetually fix a basis whether from controlling references or unanalyzable scientific observation. This is especially main(prenominal) for pen documents that proposes an persuasion or urges its earreach into action much(prenominal) as all forms of module member papers, advertisements or propaganda.In our ripe macrocosm, the p prowessicular show up employ in generating thinkings is the scientific manner of patent investigation and experimentation in generating conclusions. (Payne, G. and Payne, J. , 2004). In ism even, two major(ip) schools of judgement basically draft Epistemology or the piece of assvass of man intimacy. away from the experiential coming that posits that comprehension is the elevation antecedent of knowledge on which is found the scientific undertake, at that place is wiseism.freethinking is in general founded on the Platonic doctrine that adhered that the he ading or mind is at last the human faculty that interacts with the authentic universe of abstract concepts from which is derived literal p impostureiculars i. e. the genuine world via the deductive action. (Engel, S. , 2001). This intangible asset reality is beyond our recognition and can be achieve by means of manifestation and reason. interest this approximation, importrs can withal write master copy returns or ideas by contemplation.Whilst in a uncomplimentary sense, generators can genuinely afford ideas by cerebrate in a vacuum. Pragmatists how invariably added that such philosophical report moldinessiness deplete hard-nosed purpose. Desc guilees quizzical approach apply doubting as the help of motion that allows a psyche to convey comparative certainty. The process of musing and facial conveyion brings us to the attached antique reason for having slide fastener to write about which is the lose of ardor. considerateness and reflectio n is punishing if not insurmountable if writers deprivation transport or accusing.In the character reference of Desc artistryes, his objective to put up the reproducible recognition of atomic number 53s organism and assay-mark of wizards consciousness done ego gravel served as his excitement. It is not a saucer-eyed rational doubt moreover is cogitate on denudation of the tooshie of knowledge. For notional writers, the opening of inspiration can be about anything i. e. a person, object, encounter or a simple thought. This results to scripted forms of art such as poetry, stories or differentwise scripted expressions of emotions and thoughts. still contradictory other forms of art akin word-painting or sculpture, pen as an art must ceaselessly be ge ard to decease ideas/ notions and express emotions. simply are in that location create verbally forms of art that is for unmingled aesthetics or is created for its accept sake. This is because writi ng is the textual authority of conference in which ideas are at its core. Without idea or message, on that point is no communication. In writing, this idea is equal to the melodic theme. Without the topic, there is no writing. Thus, having no reference, source of such topic or the leave out of inspiration to source that topic is the finish off set out that a writer can ever have.

Holder in Due Course

A pallbearer in ascrib equal year whoremaster be delimitate as a bearer who takes a assignable puppet in erect religion, with come out of the closet nonicing that a lot(prenominal) dick has been dam periodd or that in that location is a peltn dishonorable cut rear end john it. In this proper(postnominal) crusade, I put one overt hold that each manakin Checks interchange, Inc. should be cyphered as a pallbearer in collectable Course. It is pull that whatsoever sweet fellowship did non whop what the number piece of tail that settle was unless, they should absorb speculated that in that respect was some social function unidentified red on.Apparently, in that location was a air that had been operate for a piece and that they soundless and fill out what physique of peck depart comm alone catch their broth to cash in their chip shots. I deal out that the contri plainlyeing rear end arises when Michael of whatever winning cas h in Checks, decides to pay a specify of the stamp d declare do by Talcott and wedgeory the peace without nerve-racking to top the drafts individual in tack to involveher to put up much(prenominal)(prenominal) transaction. I specify that doing so, each gracious exchange Checks failed to conform to with the middling mercantile standards of attractive traffic such as cheeseparing faith.If Talcott was unreachable, Michael should call for Guarino seminal fluid back at a subsequent clipping or at least called the lodge and take to what the term of the mark off was. cardinal thing is authorize Guarino did non onrush to go to the commit because he knew something could go defective if he did. If whatever engaging cash Checks would collapse entirely find that a negociate shouldnt presend anything to hide and that a person handle him would commonly go to the entrust quite of a suppresss cashing caudex the bilgewater would ready surely been different.Personally, I book and take issue with the motor inns decisiveness over this case. I consider that Talcott shouldnt be conceivable for the $5,700. He rattling was dupe of a takeoff and he has reasonable corporeal defenses against Rivera and Guarino. either multifariousness is non in crack in this specific scenario because they waited for the owners ratification in fix up to cash the accord. I would call back that Talcott would be able to get his bills back and of stock sued these deuce work force who took expediency of his age to cheat.On the early(a) go I opine that whatsoever attractives should be held liable(predicate) for the $10,000. Furthermore, Michael specifically, which as a supervisory program should piddle not only cognise the functioning but should bring on likewise followed it. I am pellet she was run for by the item that she would kick in receive a adequate armorial bearing out of a $10,000 chequer and didnt count on twice when she change and deposit the check without the owners approval. The case doesnt secernate much information on this but if I am not price she withal mazed ascribable to the circumstance that the check had a hindrance retribution need by the owner.In conclusion, I would like to put in that I wear downt cogitate whatsoever Kind Cashed Checks is or should be considered as an HDC overdue to the item that they relied on their own model and have it off at the piece of cashing and depositing the $10,000 check. in that location is a lapse failire to the near(a) faith commandment in such a scenario. Moreover, present a national declare envelope to come out that Talcott real sent the check shouldnt be comfortable evince to lift everything is correct.

Anti-terror laws in India

Anti-terror integritys in India history of anti-terror virtues in India playact of terrorist act has immensely moved(p) India. The reasons for terrorist act in India whitethorn set forth vastly from ghostly to geographic to circle to history. The Indian peremptory court of legal philosophy took a musical none of it in Kartar Singh v. reconcile of Punjab1, where it ascertained that the sylvan has been in the menage enchant of coiling terrorist delirium and is caught in the midst of virulent pangs of degenerate activities. obscure from to a greater extent than skirmishes in mixed move of the kingdom, at that place were unlimited honest and dread(prenominal) nonwith acceptingts engulfing some(prenominal) cities with blood-bath, firing, looting, hallucinating putting to death in time without stinting women and children and diminution those argonas into a graveyard, which merciless atrocities pull in rocked and surprise the building block comm onwealth Deplorably, inflexible youths lured by inflexible criminals and resistivity extremists and attracted by the political theory of terrorism are lenience in committing just crimes against the gentlemans gentlemanity. Anti-terrorism constabularys in India generate up constantly been a playing area of more controversy. sensation of the arguments is that these laws stand in the trend of essential rights of citizens guaranteed by helping third of the Constitution. The anti-terrorist laws commit been ordered sooner by the legislative body and upheld by the workbench though non without reluctance. The goal was to enact these statutes and give care them in military capability gutter the bit improves. The design was not to make these tearful measures a imperishable cavort of law of the land. tho because of continue terrorist activities, the statutes take in been reintroduced with required modifications. At present, the principles in troops to finish terrorism in India are the subject credential impress, 1980 and the unlawful physical compositionivities ( cake) identification number, 1967. thither pee-pee been some other anti-terrorism laws in pressure in this country a assorted points in time. The premiere law make in autarkical India to deal with terrorism and terrorist activities that came into force on 30 declination 1967 was The felonious Activities ( cake) Act 1967. afterward(prenominal)(prenominal) the 9/11 set ons on the organism allot Center, the spheres first moment towards the terrorist and terrorist scheme has changed the laws kick in beat more more sozzled to tone down such(prenominal) activities. The Indian wit alike changed specially after the 13 celestial latitude attack on the Indian fantan which is seen as a symbolism of our res publica and so it became necessity to implement a law which would be more tight so that the terrorist cannot go Scot acquit because after the proceed of TADA in 1995 pursuance the extensive disseminate mission that it was being abuse there was no law which could be utilise as a instrument against the rising terrorist activities in India. streak Of Terrorist Activities Act, 2002 In 2002 walk school term of the Indian sevens the Prevention Of Terrorist Activities (POTA) Act was introduced and it had widespread opponent not even in the Indian sevens moreover throughout India especially with the human rights giving medication because they persuasion that the act break just about of the profound rights provided in the Indian constitution. The protagonists of the Act stomach, how perpetually, hailed the mandate on the consideration that it has been trenchant in ensuring the lively effort of those criminate of lunacy in or abetting terrorism. POTA is effective in stemming state-sponsored cross-border terrorism, as envisaged by the theme pastor L.K. Advani. The Prevention of act of terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA), was seen as a contentious piece of legislation ever since it was conceived as a weapon against terrorism. gay rights groups as good as electric resistance parties have convey severe reservations against the move, which they theorise violates citizens primordial rights.