Safe use of ICT in a Business environment

* Make sure all employees' adopt the correct posture and have an adequate lower back support. This reduces the risk of tension strain headaches and musculoskeletal problems like neck pain, Chronic back pain and upper limb disorders such as Repetitive Strain Injury. – Repetitive Strain Injury can be stopped by using a wrist support along with an ergonomic keyboard, and keeping forearm's horizontal. * Make sure all employees' take regular breaks from their computers. This reduces the danger of eye strain, headaches and discomfort. – This can be reduced by making sure eyes are level with the monitor and making sure there is good background lighting and a monitor filter to reduce glare. * All employees' should get regular eye sight checks. This reduces the danger of deteriorating eye sight. – This can be reduced my making sure that the company pays for regular eye sight checks. The employee must go to the appointment and get the treatments provided. * Make sure all employees' have the correct positioning of equipment. This can reduce the danger of eye strain, headaches and discomfort. – Make sure the computer monitor is positioned away from the direct sunlight to reduce glare. Make sure the keyboard is not too far away, or too close, so there is no discomfort of the wrists/hands. Protecting Physical Safety * Make sure there are no trip hazards, e.g. trailing cables. This can reduce the danger of employees' tripping and harming themselves. – This can be reduced by taping cables to the wall or keeping wires in wire surrounds on the wall. * Make sure the electrical safety is upheld, e.g. electric checks (PAT), no water by the machines, not overloading sockets. This can reduce the danger of being electrocuted by the computers. – This can be reduced by making sure the company has regular electric checks, make sure no employees' take water near the machines, and make sure the sockets are not * Make sure there is safety equipment to avoid machinery falling. This can reduce the danger of employees' getting hurt by falling equipment. – This can be reduced by regularly checking the safety equipment and replacing it when needed. * Make sure employees' observe the Health and Safety rules. This can reduce the danger of injuries and the company being sued. – This can be reduced by telling employees' the Health and Safety rules and keeping them in sight for everyone to see. Protecting Flies from Loss * Organising Files. Make sure that the Files are organised e.g. meaningful file/folder names, Structuring files. – This makes sure that file/folder names are not forgotten and where the file/folder is isn't forgotten. * Backup strategies. Files should be backed up and frequently checked to make sure that they have not been tampered with. – This makes sure that files are not lost if they are accidentally deleted or lost somehow. Protecting files from unauthorised access Passwords * Passwords to open files. – This makes sure that no-one that is not authorised can open files. * Passwords to Modify documents/files. – This makes sure that no-one that is not authorised can modify files. * Passwords to protect the contents of the Documents. – This makes sure that no-one can delete all the contents of documents, or steal all the contents. * Choose a STRONG Password – Choosing a strong password is essential. If a weak password is chosen, then there is next-to-no point having a password because it can be easily hacked. Use numbers, uppercase letters, mixed with lowercase letters, and mixed with symbols. This will make your password strong, and VERY hard to crack!

The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex

AbstractThe research and development of electric and alternatively driven cars are the next step in evolution of the automobiles; since the primary source of fuel for today’s cars are fossil fuels which is rapidly depleting and also damaging to the environment. In order to take the next step in the car’s evolution a research and development complex and test/racing track would be created to tackle the challenge of producing technology needed in order to make electric cars viable.Creating a racing/test track and development complex in the heart of the city at the SM Central Business Park in Pasay that only caters to electric and alternative fuelled or driven cars and would become the testing grounds and home for car manufacturers, local universities or engineering/technology firms and enthusiasts professional and amateur creating and developing electric and alternatively driven vehicles, also becoming the venue for alternatively driven vehicle racing events in the future exposing the public to the technology. In conclusion creating the development complex for electric and alternatively driven vehicles would develop and research to make alternative and electric driven vehicles and alternative and eventual replacement of fossil fuel vehicles.Chapter 1Introduction:In today’s world the main form of transportation of getting from one place to another are cars or automobiles be it in the form of busses, cars, trucks or etc. they have become a necessary part of the world cars deliver our food and products, gets people to their work and where they need to be, enabled communities to grow in size and enabled people to live farther and travel longer distances. The invention of the automobile enabled communities to live farther away from where they work, to produce food and products away from the cities and be distributed to different places and enabled the majority of the population to travel long distances in relative safety.The  first appearances of the automobile began in 1976 with the creation of steam engine automobiles that were capable transporting people, in 1807 the first cars were equipped with internal combustion engines that run on fuel gas which became the model used to drive modern automobiles, simultaneously electric automobiles were also being developed and became moderately popular, but with problems and lack of development of battery technology at the time; which were small and very limited range, weight of the batteries and the problem of charging.With the internal combustion engine not having any of these problems since it run on fuel gas which: was easy to transport and distribute, made refueling relatively easy and had great range, the internal combustion engine automobile became the standard type of vehicle and eventually led to the disappearance of electric vehicles until recently. (Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson, 2010) The birth of the first true â€Å"modern automobile† appeared in the yea r 1886 with the Benz-Patent-Motorwagen created by German inventor Karl Benz which used a gasoline powered engine and was able to travel long distances that showed the viability of cars.With the invention of the first modern automobile it proved that horseless carriages or automobiles were suitable and replacement of horses as the main form of transportation (citation), as technology improved so did automobiles leading to efficient, powerful, versatile, safe and fast cars of today but the same basic concept of the first modern automobiles are still used in today’s cars; with the use of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline to power the vehicle. (Steven Parissien, 2013)At the beginning of the 21st Century, interest in electrical and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current foss il fuel transportation infrastructure.With the renewed interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles in the 1990s some companies began manufacturing and selling electric cars in the early 90s although there were only few models and production limited it sparked the revival of the electric vehicle (EV) and with the continued advancement of technology, electric cars are becoming more widespread and viable today 2010s with companies like Tesla exclusively selling electric cars and mainstream manufacturers Toyota, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Honda,  Chevrolet, Citroen and Nissan fully electric production cars. (Gijs Mom, 2013)As automobiles became more successful and widespread it quickly became a part of modern life, with pioneers organizing automobile races during the late 1800s and early 1900s to advertise and showcase the capabilities of automobiles and were publicity stunts that showcased that cars were safe, easy and convenient in comparison to horses and reliable. Most of t he races at the time were mostly shows, although some were actual races held between drivers and their cars.The races were held over long distances and lasted hours and some that took days to complete with distances of over 1000 kilometers with races starting from one city ending in another. In the 1930s to 1950s as cars became more popular and widespread with many companies starting to manufacture them, cars then started to become faster and faster with the high-end and expensive cars being turned into purpose built cars for speed and racing which then became the first race cars which competed in races, grand prixs, rallies and other forms of racing.( David Hassan,2013) After the Second World War with many empty and unused airfields and empty fields in Europe, enthusiasts and drivers started adapting and using them as race tracks which became the basis of modern motor racing and gave it an audience with the public.Auto racing then evolved and branched into different kinds of racing which spawn different types of race cars and with motor racing starting to appear in different countries all over the world with the establishment of different racing series, championships and federations, with different levels of motorsport ranging from amateur to professional, and became established as modern day motor racing. (Rà ©mi Paolozzi, 2003) Today major motorsport events are handled and governed by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) also known as the International Automobile Federation, they represent the interest of motoring organizations and motor car users around the world.They handle auto racing events and classes, (e.g. Formula 1 and World Rally Championship) they create the rules and regulations for different classes of auto racing throughout the world and acts as its governing body through the local motoring associations and organizations of the country. (Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak, 2007) Formula-E or officially FIA Formula E Championship is a class of auto racing, sanctioned by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).The formula, designated in  the name, refers to a set of rules with which all participants' cars must comply. Formula E is intended to be the highest class of competition for one-make, single-seat, electrically-powered racing cars. The series was conceived in 2012, with the inaugural championship to be held from September 2014 – June 15 across 10 cities (Beijing, Putrajaya, Rio de Janeiro, Punta Del Este, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Miami, Monte Carlo, Berlin and London) around the world.Background and Nature Background:Motor racing in the Philippines first started during the 1960s with racing events like the Manila Grand Prix; Philippines Grand Prix a street circuit located around Greenhills during 1973-1976 and the Great Gedol Grand Philippine Rally using cars that started out as production cars and were heavily modified into race cars and lasted throug h the 1970s during the time of the Marcos Regime these were considered the Golden Age of Philippines Motorsports where Philippine racing drivers and teams competed locally and internationally some becoming champions. Philippine motors racing today is still active with many regular events, racing series and championships from karting to touring cars from amateur to professional levels, accompanied by an active car and motoring culture. Motorsport tracks in the Philippines:Batangas Racing Circuit – road racing circuit, holds international events Subic International Raceway – road racing circuit Carmona Racing Circuit – karting circuit, motorbike circuit Clark International Speedway – road racing circuit Nature:Electric and Alternative Drive Racing – motorsport for race cars, production cars, prototypes, spec and formula cars that are alternatively powered vehicles, cars that don’t use the standard and conventional internal combustion engine an d fossil fuel. Alternative drive vehicles: hybrid, electric, alternative fuel and fuel cell drive race cars and prototypes separated into different classes and spec, series and formula. A high tech motorsport featuring current and next generation automotive technology and used as a competitive testing ground to showcase, develop and pioneer alternative and future automotive technologies.Statement of the ProblemAs the deterioration of the environment due to greenhouse gasses worsens, can man made greenhouses gasses be reduced or slowed down by using alternatively driven vehicles? By developing and using alternatively driven vehicles how significant would it be at lowering man made greenhouse gasses in comparison with the traditional internal combustion engines. In order to develop these kinds of technologies in automobiles, auto racing has been an essential competitive proving and testing ground for pioneering, introducing and developing automotive technologies.Which leads to; would alternatively drive vehicles be a viable replacement or alternative for conventional motorsport? Can alternative drive vehicles be as exciting, authentic and high-tech as conventional motor racing and would technologies developed and used in these races and race cars be transferrable or relevant to the next generation or type of production cars.Project Objectives1. To study conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars. To distinguish and list the differences between conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars and to be used as a base to compare its respective strengths and weaknesses. 2. To study the different types of motorsport around the world which use electric or alternative drive race cars. To create a basis of information and data in order to create an electric or alternative drive motorsport that can be adapted and used in the Philippine setting. 3. To study the viability and feasibility of electric and alternative drive motorsport in the P hilippines.To see if an electric and alternative drive racing series and track would be a viable motorsport in the Philippines. To study what it would take to create a successful electric and alternative drive racing series. 4. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable and accessible for a racing and development track for alternatively driven vehicles. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable for motorsport that would be accessible to international and local competitors and developers and be accessible to the local motorsport culture and the general public.Keywords1. Electric Vehicle – electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Three main types of electric vehicles exist, those that are directly powered from an external power station, those that are powered by stored electricity originally from an external power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator (hybrid electric vehicles), such as an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen fuel cell EV.2. Alternative Drive Vehicle – a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than conventional fossil fuel (gasoline or diesel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicle, solar powered).3. Motorsports – group of competitive sports which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition.4. Auto racing/ Motor racing – group of competitive sports involving the racing of automobiles for competition.5. Race Track – a facility for racing of vehicles, which include spectator facilities such as grandstands, hospitality, facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages.6. Automotive Technology – technologies found and used and developed in automobiles. Many of these technologi es also have other applications. Significance of the ProblemTo see if there would be interest in electric and alternatively driven vehicles from enthusiasts and the general public. To see the economic difference of alternatively driven race cars from standard race cars based on fuel, parts, maintenance and running cost. To see if electric and alternatively driven vehicles would be a legitimate motorsport.Project Scope and LimitationsScope: Racing Track/Circuit Complex Development and Testing Facilities Limitations: Pioneering research in the Philippines. Few resources and Local Case Studies. Local Tracks are far and few. Few electric cars in the Philippines. Electric cars are not popular and in widespread use locally.Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1. Fifty Cars that Changed the World Conran Octupus: London 2009 ISBN 9781840915365 pg. 100The book showcases the 50 most influential cars of the automotive industry to date. The Toyota Prius was released in 1997 which showed the c ommitment of a major manufacturer in alternative fuel technology. The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) a car that has a normal internal combustion (IC) engine which is partnered with an electric motor and batteries which power the car the at low speeds and at higher speeds using the IC engine which charges the battery of the electric motor producing high fuel and power efficiency which saves fuel. The Toyota Prius paved the way for the popularity and resurgence of electric and hybrid cars in popular culture today.2. Modern Car Technology Jeff Daniels Haynes Publishing: CA 2001 ISBN 9781859608111 Chapter 8, pg. 82-89Chapter 8 discusses the workings and mechanics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles and also other green alternatives such as Bio-Diesel, Ethanol and LPG.3. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Jack Erjavec, Jeff Arias Delmar Publishers Inc.: NY ISBN 9781401881055Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles – explains the basic and mechan ical principles of the Hybrid (HEV), Battery Electric (BEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles. It shows the basics of each type of vehicle their mechanics and technologies and goes into more advanced and complex mechanics, principles and technologies of each type of alternative vehicle. It also distinguishes each type of vehicles advantages and disadvantages and differences over the traditional ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles and other alternative vehicles.4. Bio Ethanol: Production, Benefits and Economics Jason B. Earbum Nova Science Publishers Inc.: NY 2009 ISBN 9781607406975 Chapter 9 pg.151-152, Chapter 10 pg.165-167, Chapter 11 pg.173-178Chapter 9 shows the widespread and worldwide use of Ethanol (E10) in normal vehicles which is 80% unleaded fuel mixed with Ethanol. In Chapter 10 discusses Bio-Diesel which is used as a diesel additive or be used as a complete replacement for diesel in diesel powered vehicles and Ethanol as an additive or as fuel on flexible fuel vehicles and its history. In Chapter 11 it discusses Fuel consumption of normal fuel and bio fuels worldwide, the cost and benefits of biofuels, how bio fuels affect air Quality and climate change.5. Fuel Cell Engines Matthew M. Mench John Wiley & Sons Inc.: NJ 2008 ISBN 978047168958 Chapter 1 pg.1-24Chapter 1 discusses the uses of fuel cell technology (a device that creates electricity through chemical reactions with a fuel), the classes of fuel cells, potential uses from portable devices, stationary devices or power plants and in transportation as fuel cell vehicles and lastly the history of fuel cell development.6. Biofuels for Transport: Global potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture World Watch Institute Earthscan: London 207 Chapter 1 pg. 3-9, Chapter 15 pg.250-262, Part 8 pg.329-344Chapter 1 discusses the current status of biofuels and its industry and gives an overview of what biofuel is (Bio Diesel, Ethanol). Chapter 15 shows the different types biofuel veh icles; Bio-diesel which can be used in normal diesel vehicles or as an additive and ethanol which is added in E10 fuels used normal cars and fully ethanol driven cars. Part 8 shows country studies of bio fuels from China, India, Tanzania, Brazil and Germany.7. Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality Jackie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. Facts on File Inc.: NY 2010 ISBN 978081672651 Chapter 1 pg. 1-25, Chapter 2 pg. 26-62, Chapter 5 pg. 111-114, Chapter 9 pg. 197-209Chapter 1 gives an overview of fossil fuel and its history, Chapter 2 discusses the effects of fossil fuels its potentials and how it can affect the health of people. Chapter 5 discusses fuel economy and the rate of global use of fossil fuels. Chapter 9 shows alternative vehicles to ICE vehicles: Hybrid, Electric, Flexible Fuel, Plug-in, Air Powered and Fuel Cell vehicles and future developments and technologies of vehicles.8. Alternative Fuels: The Future of Hydrogen Second Edition Michael Frank Hordeski The Fairmont P ress Inc. / Taylor & Francis Ltd.: GA 2008 ISBN 9781420080162 Chapter 3 pg. 67-100, Chapter 4 pg. 101-124Chapter 3 gives the history of cars from its inception and the accompanying history of fuels used by cars. Chapter 4 takes a more in-depth look at the fuel development of vehicles up to the present and also the alternative fuels and technologies and how hydrogen used in fuel cells can power and be used in vehicles of the future.9. Vehicle Powertrain Systems Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla John Wiley & Sons: West Sussex, UK 2012 ISBN 9780470666029 Chapter 7 pg. 425-474Gives an in-depth look at vehicle powertrain systems (the system that make the car move) gives an introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) its parts: internal combustion engine, electric motor and batteries and the different types of HEVs: Series and Parallel.10. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology Kirk T. Van Gelder Jones & Barett Learning: MA 2014 ISBN 9781449624118A manual and in-depth guide automotive techn ology and systems, and an in-depth guide to alternative fuels and drive systems used in today’s cars: Biofuel vehicles and the different types Ethanol, Bio Diesel, Methanol, Bio Bubetanol, Fuel Cell vehicles with only hydrogen fuel cells being viable and used, Battery Electric Vehicles that only use electricity and need to be charged and Hybrid Drives which use an ICE and an Electric motor and batteries and different types: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel.11. Electric Vehicles: Technology, Policy and Commercial Development Serra, Jao Vitor Fernandes Earthscan: London 2011 ISBN 9781849714150The book gives a brief history as to why the internal combustion engines are used in vehicles. How electric vehicles work and the technologies, principle and mechanics used and a history of electric vehicle development. The cost effectiveness of electric vehicles versus traditional internal combustion engines and the alternative vehicles. And lastly discusses the policies for electric vehicles in order to push them to be used.12. Hybrid & Alternative Fuel Vehicles James D. Halderman, Tony Martin Pearson: NJ 2011 ISBN 9780135103845An in-depth manual and expert guide for current Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in which the book shows the concepts and mechanics of different types of vehicles and shows different examples actual and current hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and an in-depth and expert look at their systems and technologies.13. Automotive Engineering: Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body 1st Edition David A. Crolla Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, UK 2009 ISBN 9781856175777 Chapter 6 pg. 141-172 Chapter 7 pg. 175-202Chapter 6 discusses the mechanics and principles of electric vehicles on how they work and the technologies used for them to work. Chapter 7 shows the  concept and principles in order for Fuel cell vehicles to work, the technologies and mechanics in the workings of these type of vehicles and explains the technology behind it.1 4. The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age Gijs Mom JHU Press: 2013 ISBN: 9781421412689The book provides a complete and detailed history of the electric car from the replacement of horses and rise of the automobile. The book in detail discusses the progress of the automobile from the horseless carriage to present day, but focuses on the electric cars, which were actually used before internal combustion engines on cars.It discusses the early shortcomings of the electric car from the short battery life and range which made the ICE vehicle the preferred choice early in the cars development, to misconceptions about electric cars that led it to be forgotten in automotive technology until recently when it has been rediscovered as an alternative to fossil fueled vehicles due to depleting fuel resources and environmental issues.15. Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson McFarland, 2010 ISBN: 9780786457427The book discusses E lectric and Hybrid Cars from a brief introduction of the birth of the automobile industry and the evolution of the electric car from its earliest iterations to it resurgence today. It also discusses the politics that happened in the history of the electric car because it was a competitor to gas powered cars and answered why the electric car suddenly disappeared. It also discusses the technological advancements that made the electric car possible and the marketing of these types of cars today. 16. The History of Motor Sport: A Case Study Analysis (Sport in the Global Society – Historical perspectives) David HassanRoutledge, 2013 ISBN: 9780415851213 Chapter 2Gives the history of the beginnings of motor racing that started in France and the pioneers in Belgium, it also tells on how automobile racing expanded throughout Europe.17. The Regulation of Sport in the European Union Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 ISBN: 9781847208569 pgs. 74-96Explains what the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) is and its power as the governing body of all forms of motorsports using four or more wheels. It focused on its regulation on Formula 1 auto racing and the extent of power and abuses the FIA had on the auto racing being able to force out competing other motorsports not sanctioned by the FIA.18. McKinsey Quarterly, February 2011 The fast lane to the adoption of electric cars Russell Hensley, Strefan M. Knupfer and Axel KriegerThe article is about electric cars and its adoption in large metropolitan cities; Shanghai, Paris and New York in these study. In the article it states that to the buyers and users of electric cars in metropolitan cities the things that are important are the cars being a status symbol especially in Shanghai and New York, the benefits to the environment and the savings from using electricity.Another point of the article was the preferences of electric vehicles of the three cities in whe re in Shanghai they preferred PHEVs in which were able to use a normal engine after running out of gas, BEVs in New York and Paris which were pure Electric vehicles which relied on batteries and charging. Lastly the article studied that incentives that  attracted buyers were not monetary but low cost incentives what they were attracted to, and that the future of mass producing EVs relied on fixed routes delivery vehicles in metropolitan cities making the switch EVs.19. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume 3 Towards All-Electric FSAE Race Cars S. Watkins, G. Pearson, M. King ISBN 9789881925152; ISSN: 20780966(Online)FSAE is a global student based competition with over 200 universities involved, it is a competition where student-teams create a small scale racing car following a strict set of rules limiting the students and make them more reliant on their ingenuity and creativity in order to get more performance from their vehicles. With the changing automotiv e market with new and technologies especially electric and alternative fuel vehicles creating a sub-racing series that would create all-electric FSAE cars would help students and engineers.20. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010 DOI: 10.1021/es100520c Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo, Qiang Zhang, Michael Q. Wang, David G. Streets and Kebin HeThe article is about the study of the environmental implication of electric vehicles as a replacement for the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The study compared the CO2 level of traditional ICE vehicles and the CO2 levels from the additional CO2 production of power plants which use coal for the charging of electric vehicles (which in theses study replaced ICE vehicles) and found electric vehicles did not give much benefit in reducing CO2 production. In conclusion to their study they found that electric vehicles were a great solution to oil shortage but failed to address the environmental issue.

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay None cultures are the same every nation has their own distinct and values. The American and American cultures have very vast differentiation between them. While the culture of America is a mixture of different cultures, the Bangladeshi culture is unique and has its own values and customs. One of the major differences that can be seen between American and Bangladeshi culture is in family relations. While the Bangladeshi are very much family and religious oriented, the Americans are individual oriented. In Bangladeshi culture, the family values are given more prominence than the individual values. Bangladeshi respect family and religious values. On the other hand, in American culture the individual value gets prominence than the family values. Indians are more committed to their family where as the Americans are more committed to themselves only (Difference Between, 2010). The United States is a dynamic country, covering the breadth of a continent. Many cultural currents exist and coe xist within American life. The sections that follow do not attempt to cover every aspect of American culture, but instead zero in on some phenomena, like television, films and American music, that newcomers can study in order to learn more about American life. American values have developed over several centuries, affecting (and often being enriched by) successive waves of immigrants. The best way to look at it is to realize that while Americans are often open to new ways of thinking, they have a deep culture, and a deep sense of being American, one that is not always that easy to describe (Life in the USA,2010). Bangladesh has a rich, diverse culture. Its deeply rooted heritage is thoroughly reflected in its architecture, dance, literature, music, painting and clothing. The three primary religions of Bangladesh (Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam) have had a great influence on its culture and history. The people of Bangladesh have a rich fictional legacy, with the first available form of literature being over a thousand years old. Bengali literature developed considerably during the medieval period with the rise of popular poets such as Chandi Das, Daulat Kazi an Alaol (Bangladesh.com, 2010). Although, local music is still popular in Bangladeshi culture, the younger generation is influenced by the western songs. Youth of America is inspired by American artists, movies, and musical bands are becoming more popular in Bangladesh. Coca Cola and Michael Jackson are popular now in Bangladesh. Fast food, a product of American culture, is available but only in major cities and hotels. Most of the people prefer local foods and deserts. Literacy rate in Bangladesh is high compared with other developing countries. For males, it is 54% and literacy rates among Bangladeshi women are 41.4% (CIA the World Factbook, 2010). Main Body Impact of American Culture on Bangladeshi Culture, Media, and Language Culture: Culture can be described as the exclusive system of shared values, cus toms, beliefs, artifacts, and behaviors that the society members use to confront with their world and also with one another. Moreover, they are transmitted from one generation to another through learning. Culture also refers to the overall cumulative deposit of experience, beliefs, knowledge, values, meanings, attitudes, hierarchies, notions of time, religion, spatial relations, themes of the universe, and possessions acquired by a specific group of people during generations through group and individual striving (Bhabha, 2004). Significant differences are found between cultures of Bangladesh and America. Bangladeshi culture is a sophisticated blend of eastern culture and Islamic traditions. American culture, on the other hand, is a typical example of westernization with distinctive traditions, customs, attitudes and beliefs. It is pertinent to mention that culture is dynamic in nature. Cultures do change over time accepting new traditions while rejecting older ones (refà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Bangladeshi culture is increasingly becoming influenced by American culture even though the rate of transformation is considerably low compared with other neighboring countries like India and Pakistan.

Examine one aspect of modernization that impacted US about the great Essay

Examine one aspect of modernization that impacted US about the great san francisco earthquake of 1906 - Essay Example Reference is made to the great San Francisco earthquake of 1906 and the relation between this event and modernization. The earthquake in San Francisco in 1906 is considered as ‘one of the worst natural disasters in US history ‘ (MCEER 2012). One particular aspect of the impact of modernization on US in the context of the above event is explored: the destruction of Chinatown in San Francisco as a result of the earthquake and the effects of this event on the life of locals and other Americans. It is proved that the social effects of natural disasters can often be more severe than their environmental effects. In other words, modernization can often affect more profoundly the social life compared to severe natural disasters, the above view, as explored below, cannot lead to the assumption that modernization is the only aspect of social life affected by important natural disasters, as the earthquake of 1906 in San Francisco. Modernization, as developed through the decades, has been related to objectivism, a term used to reflect the trend of people to understand the meaning of things around them according to their needs (Wang, Yu and McLean 20). The specific trend is of particular importance in order to understand the response of people, especially residents, to the earthquake of 1906 in San Francisco. In the particular event, two were the issues mostly highlighted: the response of people to critical events can be differentiated according to a series of factors; also, natural disasters can often heavily affect social life, at the level that the implications of a natural disaster on a country’s social norms are often difficult to be clearly identified and addressed. Indeed, after the earthquake, Chinese, who are of a different social and cultural background compared to the city’s other residents, have tried to move their community, showing willingness to re-establish their social and

Research Paper Introduction_1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Introduction_1 - Essay Example As such, all the aerospace logistics companies, Kuehne+Nagel included, have to morph constantly with respect to the varying trends to survive. Specifically, the market structure affects the business model of a company that has to be compatible with the prevailing market conditions. Kuehne+Nagel is precisely struggling to manage cost positioning that is just a part of the whole issue of market structure. The problem is partly contributed to by the customers who use cost as their tool for choosing an aerospace logistics company, and partly by the presence of several companies who have to scramble for the few clients (Francois, 2012 p. 1). With its traditional business model which did not pay much attention to cost positioning issues, Kuehne+Nagel found itself in financial mess when it had to lower its prices in order to come into equilibrium with that of the market. However, reducing the costs acted as a double-edged sword, drawing clients in but stretching the operations of the compan y. The only solution was to devise such cost-friendly solutions like shared warehousing among

NCI corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NCI corporation - Assignment Example This is the margin NCI corporation already had the capability to produce for the casket market. On the other side, the traditional margin for manufacturing the caskets was about 23%. On average, 23% is the operating margin NCI Corporation previously incurred for the new product. The increase in the number of discounters in the casket market results to reduced prices of caskets. , the margin increases with the increase in the casket suppliers in the market. The discounters such as the wholesalers, retailers, and other manufacturers do not incur the similar costs incurred by the funeral homes. Therefore, they sell the caskets cheaply and still make a profit because there are low production costs involved. In addition, the discounters sell caskets in large scale thereby enjoying the economies of scale. The number of caskets, I will sell to the different target purchasers depend heavily on the respective buying price the target buyer will offer. I will provide 50 Caskets to the funeral homes. This will be the highest number of caskets I would like to sell. To the retailers, I expect to sell around 60 caskets while the wholesalers will get around 100 caskets. To achieve the figures, I assumed a constant 40 % margin and particular profits for each purchaser target. For instance, I assumed $ 500,000 profit in the case of funeral homes, $ 180,000 profit in the case of the retailers and $ 250,000. In addition, I assumed $ 50,000 net income, $ 120,000 capital expenditure and investment return worth $ 250,000. 1. There are various risks associated with NCI’s entry into the casket selling. First, the firm risk losing all the retrenched workers. Secondly, involvement in the new business is risky since neither Roger nor his adviser knows about the marketing of the products. Lastly, the firm risks getting customers for her products since nobody in the business knows the targeted consumers for the caskets. 2. The firm’s sale will increase at the rate of diminishing

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Education - Essay Example cer by another name does not cure cancer, there is a need to confront the eligibility problem by strengthening the supportive attitude on children with disabilities, while introducing honest-to-goodness approaches to the admission problem on special children (Howard, 2012). The Lavender Scare came along Senator McCarthy’s Red Scare which prejudged homosexuals in Federal Government to be morally depraved and likely to sell classified information to Communists. State policies and laws caused homosexuals to lose their government jobs, while repressing the gay and lesbian subculture which once flourished during the Roosevelt administration. The Lavender Scare backfired and served as the roots of the gay rights movement. Court cases gave victories to homosexuals until discrimination was finally outlawed under the Civil Service Law (Johnson, n.d.). The Obama administration set the policy allowing homosexuals in the military establishment to openly reveal their sexual orientation without losing their employment. In some states today, gays enjoy same-sex marriage rights, while women have gained the right to priestly ordination in some Churches. Sex and gender biases have started to fade away. On teacher interaction with boys and girls, researches show that boys may need more attention from educators as two-thirds of them are labeled as learning disabled, alcoholic, drug violators and juveniles. On the other hand, women rights advocates claim girls need more attention from teachers, while eliminating negative attention being given to them (Gilah, 1987). Researches continue to establish patterns for teacher interactions with boys and/or girls. Already, male teachers coach girls’ sports teams, but a TV series like Glee portrayed the bias against women teachers coaching boys’ teams. Professional attitudes among educators may yet solve the problem of bias in teacher-student gender

Instructional Technology of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instructional Technology of Nursing - Essay Example They discuss the notes on a chat program. This creates a virtual classroom which necessitates more interaction between the students and the lecturers. Students normally attend classes while other s (distance learners) attends the online lessons. All the resources needed for each particular lecture is available in the black board.Since nursing and healthcare are living subjects, the learning resources keep on changing each and every day. Use of intranet-based instruction strategies help ease the art of syllabus revision. It also helps lecturers to serve a large number of students at a time without much effort. The theories used in treatment and prevention procedures are adapted to the learning systems in real time. Most educational institutions that offer nursing and healthcare courses are usually in conjunction with health institutions like hospitals and nursing homes. These institutions gradually undergo technological transformations as need and capacity increases. This in turn crea tes a need to include more updated studies to cover the changes. The changes are made simpler through the use of online libraries (databases) and lecture forums (web-conferencing).   These resources are easy to update, share (1 copy for thousands of students), demonstrate and serve the students.Management in nursing is quite practical and needs more involvement than just web-conferencing. Nurses studying management normally combine lectures (theory) with practice. his helps them to understand the way nursing centers operate.... All the resources needed for each particular lecture is available in the black board. Since nursing and healthcare are living subjects, the learning resources keep on changing each and every day. Use of intranet-based instruction strategies help ease the art of syllabus revision. It also helps lecturers to serve a large number of students at a time without much effort. The theories used in treatment and prevention procedures are adapted to the learning systems in real time. Most educational institutions that offer nursing and healthcare courses are usually in conjunction with health institutions like hospitals and nursing homes. These institutions gradually undergo technological transformations as need and capacity increases. This in turn creates a need to include more updated studies to cover the changes. The changes are made simpler through the use of online libraries (databases) and lecture forums (web-conferencing). These resources are easy to update, share (1 copy for thousands of students), demonstrate and serve the students. Management in nursing is quite practical and needs more involvement than just web-conferencing. Nurses studying management normally combine lectures (theory) with practice. They train to use information management systems in their respective universities. They use the systems to record, manage data, generate reports, analyze statistics, plan projects, schedule activities, assess clinical practice among other uses. This helps them to understand the way nursing centers operate and face the real world challenges in their career (Krautscheid L. & Burton D. 2003). Practice in nursing usually applies the real technologies used in health institutions. Students visit nursing centers and observe

Analyzing Diversity and Learning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing Diversity and Learning - Coursework Example As a human being, I would like to acknowledge that each and every person is affiliated to certain culture. Once one is born in a society, one automatically inherits the cultural practices of the people within that locality. In this regard, educational programs should always be designed to cater for cultural diversities. Meaning, all learners should be taught without showing any disregard to their culture. If it is done, education would be made democratic and important for promoting equality to all regardless of their background (Levinson & Ember, 1996). During my time as a student, I got an opportunity to interact with learners from different backgrounds. Being that my school and classroom was composed of the native whites, foreigners and the Asian, Latin American and African immigrants, learning was quite interesting. However, this did not bar me from knowing much about my people’s culture. Since our teachers were conscious about our differences, they took all the necessary initiatives to make us be identified with our respective cultural traditions. I believe that my teachers did a great job towards my holistic development. By recognizing and affirming my culture, they were preparing me for life in my society. In fact, it has made me be so successful both in my academic, professional and day to day life. As an educationist, I am aware that educational environments are always composed of people from different cultural backgrounds. Since each and every learner should be treated as an individual, I have been taking it upon myself to ensure that I acknowledge their diversities. In my capacity as an instructor, I do promote equality amongst all my learners. None of these students should be discriminated upon based on their culture. In my class, I always ensure that each and every learner’s culture is safeguarded and not looked down upon (Nieto & Bode, 2012). It is important to

Packaging Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Packaging Design - Essay Example Protection from foreign particles entry; the products are protected from entry of oxygen, dust, bacterial, viruses, water, chemicals and other harmful agents that may destroy or degrade the working parts. Agglomeration: through packaging, small objects are grouped together to form one package. Packaging eases the process of transport, warehousing and distribution. Products like liquids, powders, air and chemicals are easily handled when packaged. There are many types of packaging materials that are commonly used. These materials differ from product to product and are also affected by the mode of transportation, costs, warehousing, customer's demands and many other factors. In the recent past, great concerns have been put forward by the environmentalist regarding the pollution by packaging materials. Most packaging materials are discarded once the product reaches the customer. This has significant effects on the dumping and pollution especially if the packaging material is made of plastic or glass or any other non degradable material. This has resulted to the introduction of recyclable packaging materials, materials reuse and use of biodegradable plastics. Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. ... Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. This papers studies packaging materials for lighting applications, their effects to the environments and also studies which of the materials are recyclable and environmentally friendly as well as the current techniques used to improve packaging to prevent dumping and accumulation of these materials in landfills. Types of lighting application There are many types of lighting applications these include; Incandescent bulbs Fluorescent lights Compact fluorescent lights (CFL) Metal halide bulbs Light emitting diodes (LED) Special lights (infra-red lights and X ray lights ) Lighting accessories such as sockets, switches and lamp bases There are various packaging materials for these different lighting. Incandescent bulb The incandescent bulb has several packaging materials. These materials include the glass bulb, that houses the internal parts of the bulb that is, the filament, the metallic base that aids in the connecting the bulb to the electrical supply. The outside packaging of the bulb includes a carton that carries the bulb. The outer carton varies from one manufacturer to another; some types of packaging are illustrated below. Single bulb color box packing that is used to house one bulb Figure 1: Carton for packaging a single bulb and double pack bulb packaging: (source: QML. 2009. Incandescent bulb. http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/200800532/Incandescent_Bulb.html) After packaging the bulb in individual small cartons, the bulbs are then packaged into a large carton for transportation. Large carton where incandescent bulbs are packaged Figure 2: large Carton for packaging

Writing Discussion Essay Example for Free

Writing Discussion Essay * How do your surrounding affect your reading comprehension? How might you minimize distractions while you are reading for your class assignments? Many things may affect your reading comprehension. Your surroundings and environment play an important role in your ability to comprehend when reading. Anything can be a distraction if it causes you to lose focus and draws your attention to something else. Distractions can be visual, physical, and auditory. To minimize distractions while you are reading first make sure you are in a place that is comfortable and away from electronic devices; television, computer, and phone. Be sure the temperature is not too hot or cold. If you are continually distracted while reading, you may not have a strong understanding and may need to reread the assignment or article. * Do you think freewriting is a good first step to take when approaching a writing assignment? Do you think you might use freewriting as a part of your writing process? Why or why not? Freewriting is a good first step to take when approaching a writing assignment because it brings out ideas and creativity in a short period of time. I will definitely use freewriting as part of my writing process. Not only will it help me with â€Å"writers block†, but it will allow me to be more creative and inspired with my thoughts. No need to waste time editing, formatting, and organizing-just jot down thoughts and ideas. There is no wrong or right way to do it. It is another form of brainstorming, but on paper.

Bill Clinton Sells Essay Example for Free

Bill Clinton Sells Essay Communication is a transfer of information from a person to another person or a group of people. The communication process is a when information is channeled from a source to a receiver. The information is the message sent by a source through a certain channel for an intended receiver. There are a lot of instances that communication occurs. When we talk with other people, when we do body languages, and even when we stare someone in the eye, we communicate. A very common form of information is through verbal exchange, or the use of words. This can be seen in situations involving one person talking to another, or one person talking to a number of people. The latter is the form of communication which addresses a greater audience, and is evident in public speeches. It is a good way to disseminate information, and is effectively used by people who deal with other people, including politicians. The speech that will be analyzed is given by ex-President Bill Clinton, in one of his public appearances in 2006. He talks about developing a World view as a way to promote order and that there is a need for a New World Order for the country in order to lessen the problems of our times. In analyzing the speech, we first need to look at the speaker. He is Bill Clinton, the ex-President. Most of us know him, because for some time he has been a public figure, an important one at that. If we are going to assess his credibility to talk about the topic and world view and a new world order, we can say that he is indeed credible (Beebe Beebe, 2000). He has in his name a few years of public service, with the last position he took was the highest position in all of the country. With his background, it is evident that he is well versed with how politics works, with how the world works, of how the global community interacts, which is why it won’t be a waste of our time to here him speak his ideas for a better future. The next step is to analyze the event. It was a gathering of people, which is not limited to high ranking officials and people who are well to do in the society. The event is for the purpose of informing the people, of trying to educate them to somehow alleviate them from the hardships they are encountering. Another element to take into consideration is the speech. His speech was about having a world view. He states that in order to understand fully the things that happen in our society and even in ourselves, we need to have a worldview, something that we can associate our ideas with. This is to determine which side are we on with the things that are happening around us. He associated this world view to the creation of a new world order which would stem out from our collaboration and interaction with other nations and other nations’ people. The organizational pattern used in the speech was problem-solution, wherein it somehow opens our eyes to things that we can do in order to deal with the problems that we currently have. Lastly, we would analyze the audience of the speech. The speech is directed to the general public. It includes the businessmen, the laborers, the workers, college students, and many more. It begs the audience to look inside them and reflect about his world view. It is a very big step in determining the solution to the problems of the times. The speech directed to the audience was much more informative rather than persuasive, though it gives suggestions as to how we should deal with the problems that we have today. Reference: Beebe, S. A. , Beebe, S. J. (2000). Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach (4th Edition ed. ): Allyn Bacon. YouTube. (2006). Bill Clinton Sells the New World Order to US. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kvEqg_UlGaAfeature=related

Difference between Culture Industry and Creative Industry

Difference between Culture Industry and Creative Industry Introduction The culture industry and creative industry have both been frequently mentioned in the last few years, sometimes separately and at other times interchangeably. Communities have always been proud of their cultures. The advent of technology and innovation has been combined with the culture and thus there is promotion of culture but with some economic gain which has contributed to employment and economic growth, thus providing a holistic approach towards the integration of culture, technology and economics. Creative industries add the concept of creativity in the integration of culture, economics and technology. Though the concept of creative industries is still very new, the industry has experienced substantial growth in the last few years. Creative industries generated an estimated income of US$424 billion in 2005 (Basu, 2005). The industry has provided job opportunities to millions of people all over the world, employing more than 6 million (Kunzmann, 2007). This paper will analyze the difference between the culture industries and the creative industries and the impact of economization of culture on conditions of labor in the creative industry. Creative industry includes a variety of industries with the advertising industry being one of them. This paper will use the advertising industry as an example in analyzing the impact of economization of culture on labor in the creative industry. Difference between the Culture Industries and the Creative Industries Culture Industry Cultural industries are those economic activities that produce tangible or intangible artistic and creative products and which can be exploited to generate wealth through exploitation of cultural assets. UNESCO defines cultural industries as those goods and services that combine creation, production and commercialization of contents which are intangible and cultural in nature. These industries use creativity, cultural knowledge and intellectual property to produce products and services with social and cultural meaning (UNESCO, 2010). The one distinct feature in cultural goods and services is that they encourage culture by promoting and maintaining cultural diversity and enhance democracy in accessing culture. Each society has its own culture which is expressed in the peoples values and identities. Recently this culture has been amalgamated with creativity and economics and thus coming up with creative economy. Creative economy combines economics, culture and modern technology. This concept should be used in forming strategies that are results oriented in the developing countries. According to OConnor, the culture industry became more meaningful after integrating with the modern systems of monopoly capitalism. Before this, culture had been considered as just a status symbol, or as a form of decoration. Views changed and culture was being considered as an economic resource worth of attention from the policymakers. It was seen as a potential tool for economic development and employment creation and one which could be used for tourism purposes as well as creating an image for the community. Cultural industries are characterized by some of these features (Kunzmann, 2007); they are small firms with low or average wage rates. In most cases the providers are self employed and they experience high levels of job satisfaction. They have flexible working hours and a low degree of unionization. The providers get their customers through high network integration and hence a high consumer dependency. Creative Industry Different regions have different meanings and classifications of creative industries. These meanings have been structured and classified to form four models, the UK DCMS model, Symbolic text model concentric circles model and WIPO copyright model. Creative industries are economic activities that are based on an individuals skills and talent whereby the talent is exploited and generated to create wealth and to develop intellectual property. The basic inputs in these industries are creativity and intellectual capital, while the end products are tangible goods and intangible intellectual property or artistic services. These end products have original creativity, economic value and an objective to meet the market demand. Creativity includes coming up with original, imaginative, ideas in art, cultural products and scientific creations, and coming up with end products that are inspiring and inventive. Creative industries form a creative economy, (United Nations, 2008). According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) creative industries are divided into four groups, the arts, heritage, media and functional creations. Creative economy helps in creating jobs and promoting exports, cultural diversity, and thus contributes to the growth of the economy. It allows for the amalgamation of economics, cultural and creativity which is combined with technology, intellectual property and tourism objectives to result to a creative economy. It has a macro and micro effect on the economy. The market structure is diverse and can be artistic individuals, small scale businesses and even big multinational companies. The creative businesses experienced an 8.7 percent growth rate between 2000 and 2005. In 2005 the goods and services contributed to 3.4 percent of the world f with gross earnings of $424.4 billion. In 2003 the industry employed 5.6 million people in the European Union countries. Creativity is used in the interaction of the other four forms of capital, social capital, cultural capital human capital and structural or institutional capital leading to what is now known as the 5cs. The industry is being regulated under the Intellectual Property Rights, i.e. copyrights, patents or trade. The problem with the IP is the fact that they favor advanced countries and the developing countries have to agree to these terms. Difference between Creative Industry and Culture Industry The difference between creative industries and cultural industries is distinct and at times the two have been used interchangeably. Creative industries are centered on cultural industries, but not restricted to them. The one way to differentiate cultural product and services is that they may have a cultural characteristic that is not measurable by monetary terms. There is a value attached to the products or services both by the producer and the consumer. This value maybe that the product being used as a source of identity for the specific community. The difference ca also be found in that when producing cultural products, it requires, a human activity input, they are symbolic and they are used in passing a message, and there is potential for intellectual property that is unique to whoever is producing it, be it be an individual or the group. Since there is creativity in the cultural goods and products, it can be said that they are a subset of creative goods and services and yet taking into consideration that creative goods and services cover a wider range of products. Creative goods do not have a unique cultural value in them. When used distinctively, creative products and services are only meant for commercial purposes, but they need creativity to be produced. This may include fashion designs and software creation. In contrast to culture industries, creative industries are mainly big or middle size companies. They pay high salaries especially to their senior staff. The organizations in the creative industries have fixed official working hours for their employees. Examples of cultural products include artwork, musical performances, literature, film, television and video game (Kunzman, 2007). On the other hand, the creative industries include the arts, media (film, tv, and radio), music, advertising and publishing, architecture and design, software development and digital media design. The Impact of the Economization of Culture on Conditions of Labor in the Creative Industries, (Advertising Industry) Economization of Culture Economization of culture refers to making the best of culture to achieve the best effects economically or otherwise. The culture of economics is the analysis of the cultural sector, and involves assessment and organization of the cultural industries, both creative and performance heritage, whether they are publicly of privately owned. In this aspect, culture is seen as a production or a commodity for consumption by the public, who are taken as the consumers. Economization of culture results from the increase in the volume of capital from cultural products through the markets. In turn there is marketization of culture (Mestrovic, 2004). It means letting culture content is to influence the commodity production. The culture gets financial support as this financial support is justified by the economic gains it will bring back to the society. Culture economics involves the interaction of creativity, cultural policies with technological and trade policies. Creativity refers to formulation of new ides which are applied together to create an original work of art and cultural products, functional creations, scientific inventions. Creativity has an economic aspect to it as it involves generation and exploitation of this creativity and generates economic benefits to the creative entrepreneur. This creativity leads to innovation which boosts productivity levels leading to an increase in economic growth and job creation. Creative economy has evolved from recognizing that there is a way that culture and economy can be merged and that both can be utilized for development purposes. As a result of the countries that use creativity in their culture for economic purposes also help in preserving their own culture, informing others about their cultures as well as earning from this culture. Thus it helps in cultural diversity, promoting social inclusion as well as enhancing human development. It leads to creative class, creative entrepreneurs, creative cities, creative clusters, networks and creative districts. Creative economies drive the economy through technology through multimedia and telecommunication, demand for the creative products and fueling of growth in tourism. The creative economies also drive the economy by creating innovative ideas that help in organizations remaining competitive (Hartley,2005). It is the responsibility of each country to set its own policies in regard to the promotion of creative economies. However the UNCTAD has a mandate to assist governments in formulating their policies and especially for developing countries. One of the creative industries is the advertising industry. The advertising industry includes production of advertising materials, PR campaigns, creation of advertisements and promotions, consumer research and insights, media planning, buying and evaluation and management of client marketing activity and communication plans. Advertising has been affected positively by the development of creative economy. Advertisements will be directed to potential customers and to attract the customers, advertisers have to be creative and at the same time respecting the culture of the people. Creative economy has therefore have had a big impact on advertising where creativity, culture and the economy are merged and used effectively through creative advertisement through the media, publishing and over the internet. In addition to this, creative industries are expected to continue to grow and thus create employment. This will be created by the increasing demand for cultural products and services (Euro pean Commission, 2010). The creative industries have contributed to the growth in employment and especially since the industry is labor intensive. There is however some difficult in measuring the effect of advertising on the labor sector brought about by the differing definitions and categorization of creative industry. The industry employs copywriters, those who create drawings, photographers, painters and market researchers. There are more jobs to choose from and in some cases, there is flexibility in the working hours making them more dynamic. In the US the industry had employed about 416,300 people in August 2009, after facing a decline resulting from the global financial crisis. The industry had employed 478,600 in October 2007. In the US the industrys wages make almost 44 percent of the nations total revenues (Kirchhoff, 2009). The advertising industry has a major impact on the labor markets. In the UK, the advertising industry generated an income of  £15.988billion net of VAT IN 1998 while the rest of the creative sector reported  £13 billion. In the 2000, the sector employed 92,800 people (Svob-Dokic, 2005). In the US the industry accounts for 2% of the countrys output (Kirchhoff, 2009). Another effect of creative industries and advertising is the fact that in most cases they make use of modern technology and machines. This has had both a positive and negative effect in employment. The positive effect is that the employee works at a first rate thus getting time for leisure or time to pursue other interests. The impact of creative industry on the labor market will depend on the policies set by the government. A government that supports the creative industry will be way ahead in creating employment. In addition to this there should be policies on the structures of employment to minimize on the insecurities in the advertisement industry and creative industries in general. In so doing the government will help in tapping the unexploited labor (Mestrovic, 2004). There is high potential for growth in the creative industries including in advertising (European Commission on culture, 2010). The government or the relevant authorities should ensure policies that avoid exploitation of those who invent the products and services. In addition to this, the advertising industry can be used to erode culture through advertisements which are against the culture of the natives or through advertisements that may be discriminative in nature. This may lead to bans by the authorities which may lead to some people loosing their jobs. In most creative industries labor is disorganized. This results from the fact that it is a young industry and which has not yet identified itself with the trade unions. According to Lovink and Rossiter (2007) the creations of creative industries have contributed to the erosion of the trade unions. Most of the people employed in this industry are young people. There is a possible feeling of insecurity in this industry, since the employees do not have the trade unions to defend their needs, thus creating social insecurity. Most of the employees are self employed or are temporarily employed adding more to the feeling of insecurity. The sector employs people on contract or temporary basis thus a lot of insecurity involved. In the EU countries, 18 percent of employees in the culture industry were temporarily employed. 29 percent of those in the culture industry in the EU countries are self employed (Svob-Dokic, 2005). Another negative effect of advertising has impacted on employment is that being a creative activity it employs modern technology and machines and thus creating unemployment to a number of people which results from the fact that the machines work at a faster rate than humans. Conclusion The amalgamation of culture, economics and technology has resulted to the growth in creative industries. There are many benefits that may result from the continuous growth in this industry. Creative industries assist in preserving peoples culture while at the same time earning income for the providers of these goods and services. The relevant authorities should come up with policies to protect their citizens from exploitation and to provide any other resources that may be required to ensure a stable growth in this industry. Since each country holds different cultures, there cannot be a global policy in the creative industry; it is the responsibility of the government to put into place strategies that are relevant to its people. The industries growth will lead to employment. As it has been noted there is instability and insecurity in employment in the creative industries. The government should include policies to address this in its strategy. These strategies should be reconciled to other national policies for the country. In the end, the creative industries will create jobs, generate income, and promote social inclusion, cultural diversity and human development.

What are the security problems and solutions of the Internet? Essay exa

Internet has vital impact in our life nowadays as it becomes more and more popular. It allows us to have wider range of communication and interaction, to exchange and share experiences, thoughts, information, and to make business online. Without doubt, internet make our life more easier, internet banking system allow us to manage our bank accounts, paying bills without queuing, online shops allow us to make purchase without going out, online education, publication and article postings allow us learn more than what we get from text book, and a lot more. As Internet plays more important role in our daily life comparing to its initiation, some keen groups are ringing our bell, hackers, and theft of data, crackers. These people are all associated with a term  ¡Ã‚ §security ¡Ã‚ ¨. It is not difficult for general publics to point out two of the security issues, security of online transaction and security of message transmission respectively. In fact, system hacking is more fatal. Most of experienced online people understand that their data transmitted through Internet is in risk of being stolen or peek during transmission. A message or in general called  ¡Ã‚ §data ¡Ã‚ ¨ transmitting from one end to another, it passes number of nodes. It is far too easy for skilled people to grab those data during its transmission. It is not a serious issue for those who only do general chatting online. For those who doing business (e.g. online shopping) or sending very private materials (e.g. personal information), security becomes a big issue. For this reason, encryption is widely used for protecting the confidentiality of data being transmitted. INTERNET BUSINESS FOR SECURITY Basically, online transaction security, email security, network security are major considerations. Online Transaction Security There are a lot of online shopping and online casinos operations running worldwide. The most serious problem for these operations is to protect their transaction data, such as client ¡Ã‚ ¦s personal information and credit card information. Transaction data transmits from client site to server side. During the transmission, data theft will take this golden opportunity to peek or to duplicate data. If those data had been abused in certain ways, not just the clients suffering from financial lose, but the operator will also suffer from reputation lose. When clients have no confident to shop from the... ...s to computer room are one of the efficient ways to eliminate network data being stolen and abused. Companies and organizations with highly confidential information will have sets of security policy with consideration of human factor to protect their network. One thing we shall always keep in mind that  ¡Ã‚ §no one connected to a computer network is really safe from hackers ¡Ã‚ ¨(8) Any of the security device or software can only minimize the possibility of data being hacked, stolen and abused. Bibliography (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ultranet.com/~fhirsch/Papers/wwwj/article.html (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://ecommercecentre.online.wa.gov.au/tools/internet/security.stm#2 (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.pgpi.org/doc/pgpintro/#p9 (4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.pgpi.org/doc/pgpintro/#p9 (5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cnn.com/TECH/specials/hackers/primer/ (6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.greatcircle.com/gca/tutorial/bif.html#firewall (7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://pubweb.nfr.net/~mjr/pubs/fwfaq/#SECTION00031000000000000000 (8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cnn.com/TECH/specials/hackers/primer/

job apllication letter :: essays research papers

– Support Analyst: Retail Credit Support Dear Recruitment Manager: I have currently completed my final year of study doing a Bachelor of. I’m applying for the graduate Support Analyst position within the Retail Credit Support Department. Being an Information Systems graduate I believe my skills would be ideal for the position and organisation. Through my studies I have completed several projects as a team leader that involved working in large groups. The least was to develop a database system and interactive system for the Community Legal Centre as part of a full year project. My responsibilities included coding, documentation, testing and general project management. Along with this I have participated in ‘Open Day 2002-03’. While studying, I further developed my business and information technology experience by participating in various roles, namely my current employment within the N gaining experience as a customer service representative for personal and business customers, my voluntary 4 month term as a technical consultant and web developer at, and five years spent managing the family business. In each of the employment environments I gained a great amount of professional business acumen including working as part of teams in a diverse atmosphere and knowledge of the latest technologies in IT &T. Lastly, my particular strengths lie in being a fast learner, pro-active, sociable and organised. I am not afraid of hard work and motivated to face new and different challenges. By gaining entry into the, I will strive to not only integrate these strengths but also broaden my skills and knowledge base. As my current employment is within a large financial institution I believe my skills and knowledge in the field would complement the role and allow me to further my skills.

Superstitions speech -- essays research papers

I’m doing my speech on superstitions. Wulp wish me luck, break a leg, knock on wood. Superstitions, what are they and where did they come from? Are they true are they false or is there some sort of reasoning behind them? Or are they simply just a whole lot of mumbo jumbo. I mean †¦.. awww man (meeoow) there goes a black cat man talk about bad luck it just took off with any luck that I had, (gosh darn – click fingers well lets see if its true†¦Mrs Maslen whadda ya reckon am I gonna get an A for this or what? C’mon c’mon you can tell me. Damn you cat (shake fist meeooow). Where did that superstition come from? For heavens sake how pathetic is it! Anyways for most people these are simply old wives tales and silly misconstrued stories, happenings and events. But for others these are real, they believe every word of these. For centuries people have been fascinated by these superstitions. Superstitions have bewitched, bemused and befuddled the minds of millions, billions of innocent people. Because believing superstitions is simply showing ignorance and fear of the unknown. This is why so many people have fallen into the traps and beliefs that are superstitions, taboos. These superstitions have been deeply influential in history. You look back in history and you’ll find them 600, 700 back in time. To me superstitions are simply beliefs or practices with no rational substance to them, for instance, ok a bird, if a bird flies into the house it is a sign of death. Now in all honest...

Dozier a

1. Evaluate each of the different alternatives. Justify your assumptions and argue which is the best one for Dozier. After their bid was accepted, Dozier has three options to choose from. Of the three choices, the 1st alternative yields the most profit. However, the profit from alternative 1 cannot be guaranteed, and it is much more volatile. The company wants to expand its market to the U. K. and also guarantee the profit (while minimizing exchange risk). Therefore, alternative 2, which has a higher profit margin than alternative 3 is the best hedging choice for Dozier. Alternative 1Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Dollar value of the balance $1,505,086. 88 $ 1,501,438. 5 $1,493,995. 00 Dollar value of the contract $1,677,311. 33 $1,673,663. 00 $1,666,219. 73 Total cost $1,642,783. 00 $1,642,783. 00 $1,642,783. 00 Profit $34,528. 32 $30880 $ 23,437. 00 Percent of Profit 2. 10% 1. 88% 1. 43% Cost of Hedge N/A -1. 20% -1. 70% The detailed calculation is shown below. Alternative 1: Do Nothi ng Dozier would choose to remain unhedged, and expose itself to currency risk. We assume the company will exchange the 10% deposit into dollars and deposit into the U. S. anks directly. The company can obtain interest revenue from this part of deposit. The spot pound rate in U. S. dollars on January 14 is 1. 437. The company can get ? 117,500 ? 1. 437 = $168847. 5 when they exchange the deposit. Three-month deposits interest rate in the U. S. is 8% annually. Therefore, the interest rate would be 0. 08/4=2%. The company can get $168847. 5 ? 1. 02 = $172224. 5 from the 10% deposit. The company will receive GBP 1. 0575 million on April 14,1986. The exchange rate on April 14 remains unknown. However, the pound has weakened over the previous six weeks.CFO, Rothschild was also concerned that the value of the pound might depreciate even further during the next 90 days. We can set three possible rates with different possibilities. According to Exhibit 5, the 3-month forward rate is 1. 4198. This is the scenario that has the highest probability of occurring in the future because it is the most reasonable spot rate on April 14. This is the base case from which to measure the other two alternatives. We can also run the regression (see appendix, graph 1) on the recent eight weeks and get the exchange rate on April 14, as the worst case.Another regression can be run based on the half year exchange rate (see appendix, graph 2). This case can be set as the best one which shows long term data. Receivables Exchange Rate Revenue Probability Base Case ?1,057,500 1. 4198 $ 1,501,438. 50 50% Worst Case ?1,057,500 1. 3617 $1,439,997. 75 25% Best Case ?1,057,500 1. 4917 $1,577,472. 75 25% The total expected revenue from receivables would be: Base Case Revenue ? Probability + Worst Case Revenue ? Probability + Best Case Revenue ? Probability = 1,505,086. 88. Therefore, Revenue from Receivables $ 1,505,086. 88 Revenue from Deposit $172224. 45Total Expected Revenue $ 1,677,311. 33 Tota l Cost $1,642,783. 00 Profit $34,528. 32 Percentage of Profit 2. 10% We can also perform break-even analysis here. The exchange rate would be 1. 3906 when the profit is zero. Therefore, if the pound depreciate to 1. 3906, the company would suffer a loss for this contract. Alternative 2: If Dozier sells pounds forward 90 days Dozier would incur an obligation to deliver pounds 90 days from 1/14/86 at the rate of 1. 437. This would ensure that Dozier would receive a certain amount of money, regardless the change of exchange rate. The 3-Month Forward Rate in U. S.Dollars on 1/14/86 is 1. 4198 and the balance is GBP 1. 0575 million. Thus, Dozier would receive 1. 4198 ? ?1. 0575 million = $1501438. 5 after three months. As we discuss above, the company can get 168847. 5 ? 1. 02 = $172224. 5 dollars from the 10% deposit. Therefore, the actual revenue of the contract is 1501439 + 172224. 5 =$1673663. The total cost is $1642783. Thus the profit is 1673663 – 1642783 = $30880. The perce nt of profit is 30880/1642783 = 1. 88% If the rate remains the same as 1. 437, the rest pounds has the value of 1. 437 ? ?1. 0575 =1519627. 5 million. The cost of hedge is (1501438. 5 – 1519627. )/1519627. 5 = -1. 2% Alternative 3: If Dozier secures a 90-day pound loan Dozier can also do a spot hedge, which worked similarly in that it also created a pound obligation 90 days. Dozier would borrow pounds from bank and exchange the proceeds into dollars at the spot rate of 1. 4198. Dozier would use its pound receipts, ? 1. 0575 million, to repay the loan. The rate of loan would be at 1. 5% above the U. K. prime rate. Since the loan rate for three months is (1. 5% + 13. 5%)/4=3. 75%, Dozier could receive ? 1. 0575 million/ (1+3. 75%) = ? 1019277 on 1/14/86. Then he would exchange them to dollars.With the spot transaction at 1/14/86, Dozier would get ? 1019277 ? 1. 437 =$ 1464701. 2 on 1/14/86. To get more profit, Dozier would deposit dollars. At end of three months, they would rec eive $ 1464701. 2 ? (1+8%/4) = $1493995 for ? 1. 0575 million. As we discuss above, the company can get 168847. 5 ? 1. 02 = $172224. 5 dollars from the 10% deposit. Thus, the actual revenue of the contract is 1493995 + 172224. 5 =$1666219. 73. The total cost is $1642783. Ergo the profit is 1666219. 73 – 1642783 =$ 23437. The percent of profit is 23437/1642783 = 1. 43%. The cost of hedge is (1493995 – 1519627. 5 )/1519627. = -1. 7% 2. What is the relation between the forward rate,the spot rate and the interest rates in the US and the UK? Below are the formulas from the suggested reading. It can show the relationship between the forward rate,the spot rate and the interest rates. Forward rate in U. S. : Forward rate in U. K. : If we divide forward rate in U. S. by forward rate in U. K. , we can get formula below: Generally, the relationship between currency spot rates and futures rates are based on interest rate parity, in which the exchange rate is determined by the rela tive interest rates, and the expected future spot rate.From the formulas above, we can see that if the US risk-free rate is less than the British pound rate, the futures exchange rate will be less than the current spot exchange rate. Relative to the spot rate, the forward rate tells you whether interest rates in one currency are higher or lower than those in the other currency. The international Fisher effect suggests the currency of the country with the higher nominal interest rate is expected to depreciate against the currency of the country with the lower nominal interest rate, as higher nominal interest rates reflect an expectation of inflation. 3.Are there alternative ways for Dozier to protect itself from currency risk? Yes. There are five alternatives for Dozier to protect itself from currency risk. First, Dozier could offset the pound exchange risk by hedging with options. Calls would be used if the risk is an upward trend in price, while puts are used if the risk is a downw ard trend. If the risk was a depreciation of the pound, Dozier would need to buy put options on pounds. If pounds were to depreciate at the time Dozier receives its pound revenue, then Dozier would exercise its right and thereby effectively obtain a higher exchange rate.However, if the pound was to appreciate instead, Dozier would then let the contract expire and exchange its pounds in the spot market at the higher exchange rate. The options market allows traders to experience unlimited favorable movements while limiting losses. This feature is unique to options, unlike the forward or futures contracts where the trader has to forego favorable currency rate movements, plus there are also no limits to losses. The advantages of options over forwards and futures are the limited downside risk and the flexibility and variety of strategies made possible.Also, in options there is neither the initial margin nor the daily variation margin since the position is not marked to market. This relie ves traders from potential cash flow problems. Options are however, more expensive because they are much more flexible compared to forwards or futures. The option price is therefore its disadvantage. Another alternative for Dozier to protect itself from currency risk would be to use profits generated in British pounds to buy durable goods which are then sold in the US in dollars. For example, British beer.Presumably, the beer industry has a low beta since most people are going to drink, regardless of economic standings. There may even be a tendency for people to drink more during hard economic times. If Dozier were to purchase British beer in pounds, the value would be retained when resold in the US, thus protecting the firm from exchange risk. The primary cost associated with this may be tariffs and other taxes on imports to the U. S. Third, similar to the alternative above, Dozier could direct profits earned in British pounds into other U.K. investments. From the case, it is belie ved that the company wants to continue its international growth. The company can use the profits earned to expand the overseas market. Holding a large portfolio of international units can in the long run, reduce unsystematic risk isolated in the U. S. Fourth, because the pound might depreciate further during the next 90 days, Dozier can accelerate the completion of the project to offset currency risk (predicted depreciation of the pound) by collecting payment prior to the agreed upon date.Finally, the company can benefit from currency swap. It is a foreign-exchange agreement between two institutions to exchange aspects of a loan in one currency for equivalent aspects of an equal in net present value loan in another currency. Currency swaps are motivated by comparative advantage. For instance, if Dozier needed to acquire pounds and a U. K. company needed to acquire dollars, these two parties could arrange to swap currencies by establishing an interest rate, an agreed upon amount, and a maturity date.These currency swaps are negotiable for at least 10 years making them a very flexible method of foreign exchange. Additionally, since swaps are considered a foreign exchange transaction, they are not required to be listed on a firm’s balance sheet. 4. Should Dozier diversify its currency risk? Does it have a comparative advantage in remaining unhedged? Yes, controlling the currency risk is an important instrument for controlling and improving performance of international investments. In remaining unhedged Dozier may not necessarily have an advantage.While option 1 was calculated to be the most profitable, this depends on the exchange rates remaining relatively high. The exchange rates will fluctuate. The value of the dollar could increase or the pound could decrease leading to losses. If it goes below 1. 3906, the company would suffer a loss. It is the first time that Dozier is expanding into a foreign country. For Dozier to continue to expand into foreign ma rkets, it is essential that cash flows are generated. Hedging offers Dozier exchange rate risk protection in the vent the value of the British pound falls. It would eliminate the risk and guarantee the necessary cash flows. For the same reasons however, it may be Dozier’s best interest to remain unhedged. If they already planned for a 6% profit margin, exposing themselves to more risk may be the only way to get a this return. A riskier, unhedged position may be further incentivised by a principal agent problem between Rothschild and the CEO. It is not explicitly stated, but as the CFO, Rothschild’s job may be on the line if he does not perform.Therefore, the added risk in order to cover for past 6 week’s exchange losses may be his last hope. It will not cost him any more to take on the additional risk if he is already facing a high probability of losing his job. Agency costs aside, the question boils down to this: Is a high probability of a small profit better t han a small probability of a big profit. Considering this is their first international project, it might be best to go with what is certain, taking small steps, and learn from their mistakes going forward into future projects. Appendix Graph 1 Graph 2

Public health Essay

The difference in the roles of the public health nurse and the community health nurse lie not in the types of care offered but in the level at which this care is offered to patients. The public health nurse provides care to individuals or to the members of a family. The community health nurse, on the other hand, provides on-going care and tips to a wider base of persons within a community. The goal of the public health nurse is to promote the wellness of the persons that reside within a community, so this role is often confused with that of the community health nurse. In fact, in many regions and countries, the terms are used interchangeably. However, while the role of the public health nurse is to identify and deal with distinct illnesses being faced by persons at a given time, community health is concerned with the identifying issues in the physical and social environment that may affect the etiology of disease. The community health nurse works to educate the public regarding any such issues found to be of medical concern rather than merely to treat specific people with specific illnesses (Lundy & James, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is often the case, however, that the role of public health nursing is contained within that of community health nursing. One particular definition of community health nursing gives its role as promoting and preserving health within a given population through education and the integration â€Å"of skills relevant to both nursing and public health† (Lundy & James, 2001, p. 874). Another definition demonstrating this integration of public health nurse’s role into that of the community health nurse is found in a journal by the ACHNE. It states that â€Å"Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations† (qtd. in 2001, p. 874). It can therefore be seen that community health nursing extends beyond simply promoting prevention and good health practices; it also includes some measures taken by nurses toward ameliorating the effects of diseases being suffered by individuals in a given instance. This incorporates the role of the public health nurse. Therefore, the main difference between the two still appears to be the level at which the care is offered to the members of a population. Reference Lundy, K. S. & S. James. (2001). Community health nursing: caring for the public’s health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett.

Cell Phone Radiation

My purpose is to provide information on cell phone radiation, the risks that can be caused by cell phone radiation, and the potential health problems that could result from this. Details of the topic: I am going to talk about the arguments about how cell phone radiation can affect our lives and whether these arguments are accurate or not. Cell phone radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that has the ability to cause health issues. The radiation from this device can cause serious brain tumours, according to one study by Anna Lahkola of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland, which found that people who use their cell phone for more than 2000 hours have a higher chance of getting a brain tumour. The chance of getting a brain tumour increased from 40 to 270 percent and most of the users that might experience this side effect would be teenagers to people in their twenties. This is because it is people in this age group who are most likely to use cell phones/smart phones and they are also most likely to use the phones most frequently. There are several other health issues or risks out there that are linked to the usage of cell phones such cancer, headaches, Alzheimer’s disease, fatigue and Parkinson’s disease. But it still has not been proved with 100 percent accuracy because so far every scientist is getting different results. There is no consensus among scientists about the risks that associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. A famous neurosurgeon Vini Khurana argued that if you use a cell phone for more than ten years you are very likely to get brain cancer. His conclusion seems more believable because he did a long study about this and he mentions that other scientists have only done short term research on this matter. He states that a brain tumour can take up to 10 years to develop, so studies on the effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation should last at least that long or longer. However, most scientists do not do studies that last long enough in his opinion. Relevance: A while back group 11 did their presentation on â€Å"the history of radiation†, where they discussed the two types of radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing. Cell phones/smart phones would be in the non-ionizing category because they use a low to mid frequency. In this diagram you can see the frequency for cell phones/smart phones is in the range from 0 to 10 in hertz (Hz). Furthermore the group also mentioned that, even though the frequency for non-ionizing radiation is less dangerous, it is still possible to have side effects that may affect to our personal lives. There was a class where at the end we had a very brief discussion about radiation from electronics and the topic of cell phones/smart phones was brought up by few students when they were asked about their opinion or personal experience. Some side effects they mentioned from using their cell phones/smart phones constantly were having problems falling asleep along with minor headaches. Reflection: This voluntary assignment helps me because it provides some very interesting facts and debates about the side effects of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In this course we have covered many different kinds of radiation, but we have not talked a lot about the radiation from technology. We presume this kind of radiation is too low to have serious effects on us. However, I remember that I actually had some problems when I used my IPhone (smart phone) two years ago. For instance, I started out with a headache that turned into a very serious migraine and lasted for one week. I’m not sure if it is because I had just got my first phone and so I was using it a lot, but after doing this research into cell phone/smart phone radiation. I’m starting to think that this might be the problem that causes my headaches and migraines. Just recently when I moved to my new apartment, because I didn’t have a small table next to my bed, I put the phone under my pillow for about one month and I was getting frequent headaches. So I believe in headaches as a potential side effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In fact, I’m a little bit worried about brain tumours, even though most research and debates are not official. However what I have experienced makes it seem like the potential side effects could be true. Our use of technology is growing and we take technology for granted, so that we very rarely stop to consider the radiation that is associated with our technology. This is something I think we should know more about, even if the risks are minimal. Conclusion: Because of doing this assignment, I have found out that there’s a lot of debate about the risks that are associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. Even though most scientists believe there are few to no risks from this type of radiation, I believe this issue hasn’t been studied enough for us to determine what the real risks are. However I intend to be more careful from now in how I use my phone. I definitely won’t be sleeping with my phone under my pillow anymore. References http://www.naturalnews.com/021634_mobile_phones_brain_tumors.html http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone-radiation2.htm Cell Phone Radiation The radiation protection to be practiced > cell phone radiation During normal use, over half of the radiation transmitted by your mobile phone is absorbed by your head or body. Around 80% of the phone's microwave emissions are absorbed by the head. Only shielding or distance to the phone can reduce their severe impact. The United Nations World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly cancer causing and advise that it is important for mobile phone users to minimize exposure by utilizing hands free devices or texting. Always use speakerphone or proven radiation safety accessories.Steps that should be take to reduce cell phone radiation : > use the speakerphone because the cell phone radiation drops exponentially by distance, so, the further away the phone is from your head the better. > limit the use to essential calls and keep calls short because even a two minute call has been found to alter the natural electrical activity of the brain for up to an hour a fter-wards. > children should not be allowed to use the cell phone, except in emergencies because their skulls are still developing and the radiation can penetrate much more deeply. use an air tube headset (not regular wired headset) because research has shown that regular wired headset could transmit radiation into the ear canal. > do not put cell phone in your pocket or belt while in use or while it is on because men who wear cell phones near their groin could have their sperms count dropped by as much as 30%. > if using phone without a headset, wait for the call to connect before placing phones next to the ear because radiation level is higher while phone is still trying to make a connection. Most cell phones emit the most adiation when they first connect with the cell tower. > do not use the cell phones in enclosed metal spaces such as vehicles or elevators because phones need more power to make connection. The metal enclosure also traps the radiation and reflects it back at the occupants. > do not make a call when the signal strength is one bar or less because the phone must work harder to establish a connection and thus emits more radiation. > buy a phone with low radiation rating because the phone's SAR ( Specific Absorption Rate ) can be found in manual.The lower the SAR value from the FCC limit of 1. 6 W/kg , the better. > use scientifically proven cell phone radiation reducing or protection device. > Keep Your Distance because the intensity of cell phone radiation diminishes quickly as your distance from your cell phone increases, and every millimeter counts. You can protect yourself from the effects of cell phone radiation by holding your cell phone away from your body and use a wireless Bluetooth headset or earpiece, which emit radiation at far lower levels than cell phones.Other than that, you can carry your cell phone away from your body – in a purse, briefcase or computer bag – not in your pocket where it is pressed up against you. > Try Texting, Not Talking – When you send a text message from your cell phone, you hold your phone away from your body, and far away from your head, which reduces your exposure to radiation. > Find a Strong Signal and Stay Put -When your cell phone has a weak signal, it has to work harder to transmit and receive, and that equals higher bursts of radiation.You face the same problem when you are moving quickly – riding in a car, bus or train, for example – because your cell phone is forced to repeatedly emit new bursts of radiation as it connects to different cell towers along your route. > Use the Toggle Method – you can reduce your radiation exposure by holding the phone away from your ear when you are talking and only bringing it close to listen. Using a headset or speaker mode is still the better option, but the toggle method can cut the amount of radiation your brain and body absorbs.